IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jrpoli/v91y2024ics0301420724002113.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Do natural resource rents, green technological innovation, and renewable energy matter for ecological sustainability? Role of green policies in testing the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis

Author

Listed:
  • Ma, Fenfen
  • Saleem, Hummera
  • Ding, Xueting
  • Nazir, Sidra
  • Tariq, Salman

Abstract

The current study investigates the relationship among natural resource rents, ecological green policies, technological innovation, economic growth, and their implications for the ecological footprint in both top and least green growth economies spanning from 1990 to 2021. Employing advanced methodologies, including Westerlund's (2007) cointegration test, Cross Section Dependence (CSD slope heterogeneity test, Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag, and Method of Moments Quantile Regression), the research delves into the association among these variables under the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Results concluded a negative association among ecological footprint renewable energy, technological change, ecological policies, and taxes for both groups of economies. The least green economies concluded that natural resources and ecological sustainability are inversely related, showing that these economies are not yet adaptable to the proper environmental protection policies, advancement of green innovations, and clean energy use to deplete natural resources. We also employed the method of MMQR with various quantile series, and the analysis determines that ecological taxes and regulations contribute to controlling ecological footprints. Moreover, the estimation results of this study show that the ecological protection policies implemented by these top green countries are working fruitfully, as renewable energy use, ecological taxes/regulations, and technological advancement are significantly moving towards achieving the neutrality goal. However, these nations should reassess their strategies to regulate the high consumption of fossil fuels. At least green economies entail extra care to transforming their energy sources from fossil fuels to clean energies. The present research delivers good plans for policymakers and officials to lessen fossil fuel use. Consequently, to solve the issue of environmental degradation in these countries, this study endorses aiming at innovation to attain ecological prosperity and sustainability under the targets of COP 27.

Suggested Citation

  • Ma, Fenfen & Saleem, Hummera & Ding, Xueting & Nazir, Sidra & Tariq, Salman, 2024. "Do natural resource rents, green technological innovation, and renewable energy matter for ecological sustainability? Role of green policies in testing the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:91:y:2024:i:c:s0301420724002113
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.104844
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301420724002113
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.104844?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mark A. Cohen & Adeline Tubb, 2018. "The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm and Country Competitiveness: A Meta-analysis of the Porter Hypothesis," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 5(2), pages 371-399.
    2. Lingui Qin & Syed Raheem & Muntasir Murshed & Xu Miao & Zeeshan Khan & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "Does financial inclusion limit carbon dioxide emissions? Analyzing the role of globalization and renewable electricity output," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(6), pages 1138-1154, November.
    3. Abay Mulatu, 2018. "Environmental regulation and international competitiveness: a critical review," International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 17(1), pages 41-63.
    4. Joakim Westerlund, 2008. "Panel cointegration tests of the Fisher effect," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(2), pages 193-233.
    5. Sabrina Auci & Giovanni Trovato, 2018. "The environmental Kuznets curve within European countries and sectors: greenhouse emission, production function and technology," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 35(3), pages 895-915, December.
    6. Sterner, Thomas, 2007. "Fuel taxes: An important instrument for climate policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 3194-3202, June.
    7. Caihua Xu & Qian Wang & Shah Fahad & Masaru Kagatsume & Jin Yu, 2022. "Impact of Off-Farm Employment on Farmland Transfer: Insight on the Mediating Role of Agricultural Production Service Outsourcing," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, October.
    8. Wissema, Wiepke & Dellink, Rob, 2007. "AGE analysis of the impact of a carbon energy tax on the Irish economy," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(4), pages 671-683, March.
    9. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    10. Millot, Ariane & Krook-Riekkola, Anna & Maïzi, Nadia, 2020. "Guiding the future energy transition to net-zero emissions: Lessons from exploring the differences between France and Sweden," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    11. Joakim Westerlund, 2007. "Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 69(6), pages 709-748, December.
    12. Machado, José A.F. & Santos Silva, J.M.C., 2019. "Quantiles via moments," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 213(1), pages 145-173.
    13. Cai, Lu & Le, Thanh Tiep, 2023. "Natural resources and financial development: Role of corporate social responsibility on green economic growth in Vietnam," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    14. Enrico Maria de Angelis & Marina Di Giacomo & Davide Vannoni, 2019. "Climate Change and Economic Growth: The Role of Environmental Policy Stringency," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-15, April.
    15. Vural, Gulfer, 2020. "How do output, trade, renewable energy and non-renewable energy impact carbon emissions in selected Sub-Saharan African Countries?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    16. Samargandi, Nahla, 2017. "Sector value addition, technology and CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 868-877.
    17. Destek, Mehmet & Sinha, Avik, 2020. "Renewable, non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness and ecological footprint: Evidence from organisation for economic Co-operation and development countries," MPRA Paper 104246, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2020.
    18. Ivan A. Canay, 2011. "A simple approach to quantile regression for panel data," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 14(3), pages 368-386, October.
    19. Alexander Chudik & M. Hashem Pesaran, 2013. "Econometric Analysis of High Dimensional VARs Featuring a Dominant Unit," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(5-6), pages 592-649, August.
    20. Gene M. Grossman & Alan B. Krueger, 1995. "Economic Growth and the Environment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 110(2), pages 353-377.
    21. Koenker, Roger, 2004. "Quantile regression for longitudinal data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 74-89, October.
    22. Joseph S. Shapiro & Reed Walker, 2018. "Why Is Pollution from US Manufacturing Declining? The Roles of Environmental Regulation, Productivity, and Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 108(12), pages 3814-3854, December.
    23. Hashem Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2008. "Testing slope homogeneity in large panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 50-93, January.
    24. Xu, Li & Wang, Xiuli & Wang, Lijun & Zhang, Di, 2022. "Does technological advancement impede ecological footprint level? The role of natural resources prices volatility, foreign direct investment and renewable energy in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    25. Mariana Hatmanu & Cristina Cautisanu & Andreea Oana Iacobuta, 2022. "On the relationships between CO2 emissions and their determinants in Romania and Bulgaria. An ARDL approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(22), pages 2582-2595, May.
    26. Yunpeng Sun & Asif Razzaq, 2022. "Composite fiscal decentralisation and green innovation: Imperative strategy for institutional reforms and sustainable development in OECD countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), pages 944-957, October.
    27. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "Impact of renewable energy consumption, globalization, and technological innovation on environmental degradation in Japan: application of wavelet tools," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 16057-16082, November.
    28. Lin, Boqiang & Li, Xuehui, 2011. "The effect of carbon tax on per capita CO2 emissions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 5137-5146, September.
    29. Chen, Wenhui & Lei, Yalin, 2018. "The impacts of renewable energy and technological innovation on environment-energy-growth nexus: New evidence from a panel quantile regression," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-14.
    30. Li, Menghan & Hamawandy, Nawzad Majeed & Wahid, Fazle & Rjoub, Husam & Bao, Zongke, 2021. "Renewable energy resources investment and green finance: Evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    31. Vasilis Sarafidis & Tom Wansbeek, 2012. "Cross-Sectional Dependence in Panel Data Analysis," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(5), pages 483-531, September.
    32. Frank Convery & Simon McDonnell & Susana Ferreira, 2007. "The most popular tax in Europe? Lessons from the Irish plastic bags levy," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 38(1), pages 1-11, September.
    33. Shao, Shuai & Razzaq, Asif, 2022. "Does composite fiscal decentralization reduce trade-adjusted resource consumption through institutional governance, human capital, and infrastructure development?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    34. Jahanger, Atif & Usman, Muhammad & Murshed, Muntasir & Mahmood, Haider & Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel, 2022. "The linkages between natural resources, human capital, globalization, economic growth, financial development, and ecological footprint: The moderating role of technological innovations," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    35. Salahuddin, Mohammad & Alam, Khorshed & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2016. "The effects of Internet usage and economic growth on CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A panel investigation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1226-1235.
    36. Yoo, Seung-Hoon & Kwak, So-Yoon, 2010. "Electricity consumption and economic growth in seven South American countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 181-188, January.
    37. Pata, Ugur Korkut & Aydin, Mucahit & Haouas, Ilham, 2021. "Are natural resources abundance and human development a solution for environmental pressure? Evidence from top ten countries with the largest ecological footprint," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    38. Huo, Chunhui & Hameed, Javaria & Cong, Phan The & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Haffar, Mohamed, 2022. "Curing the resource curse with the adoption of resource-rich energy in MINT countries: An application of quantile regression," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    39. Khan, Zaid Ashiq & Koondhar, Mansoor Ahmed & Tiantong, Ma & Khan, Aftab & Nurgazina, Zhanar & Tianjun, Liu & Fengwang, Ma, 2022. "Do chemical fertilizers, area under greenhouses, and renewable energies drive agricultural economic growth owing the targets of carbon neutrality in China?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    40. Lægreid, Ole Martin & Povitkina, Marina, 2018. "Do Political Institutions Moderate the GDP-CO2 Relationship?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 441-450.
    41. Li Chunling & Javed Ahmed Memon & Tiep Le Thanh & Minhaj Ali & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "The Impact of Public-Private Partnership Investment in Energy and Technological Innovation on Ecological Footprint: The Case of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
    42. Mohammad Mafizur Rahman & Xuan-Binh (Benjamin) Vu, 2021. "Are Energy Consumption, Population Density and Exports Causing Environmental Damage in China? Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Vector Error Correction Model Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, March.
    43. Miao, Yang & Razzaq, Asif & Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday & Awosusi, Abraham Ayobamiji, 2022. "Do renewable energy consumption and financial globalisation contribute to ecological sustainability in newly industrialized countries?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 688-697.
    44. Özgür Bayram Soylu & Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "The Imperativeness of Environmental Quality in China Amidst Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade Openness," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-22, April.
    45. Li, Qingtao & Sharif, Arshian & Razzaq, Asif & Yu, Yangyu, 2022. "Do climate technology, financialization, and sustainable finance impede environmental challenges? Evidence from G10 economies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    46. Borozan, Djula, 2019. "Unveiling the heterogeneous effect of energy taxes and income on residential energy consumption," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 13-22.
    47. Wang, Huiqing & Wei, Weixian, 2020. "Coordinating technological progress and environmental regulation in CO2 mitigation: The optimal levels for OECD countries & emerging economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    48. Auty, R. & Warhurst, A., 1993. "Sustainable development in mineral exporting economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 14-29, March.
    49. M. Hashem Pesaran & Badi H. Baltagi, 2007. "Heterogeneity and cross section dependence in panel data models: theory and applications introduction," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 229-232.
    50. Mehdi Ben Jebli & Slim Ben Youssef & Nicholas Apergis, 2019. "The dynamic linkage between renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade," Latin American Economic Review, Springer;Centro de Investigaciòn y Docencia Económica (CIDE), vol. 28(1), pages 1-19, December.
    51. Zhang, Zhinan & Xu, Xiangyun, 2023. "Sustainable financial risk, resources abundance and technological innovation: Evidence from resources abundance economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    52. Irfan, Muhammad & Razzaq, Asif & Sharif, Arshian & Yang, Xiaodong, 2022. "Influence mechanism between green finance and green innovation: Exploring regional policy intervention effects in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    53. Zahoor Ahmed & Mahmood Ahmad & Husam Rjoub & Olga A. Kalugina & Nazim Hussain, 2022. "Economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and ecological footprint: Exploring the role of environmental regulations and democracy in sustainable development," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(4), pages 595-605, August.
    54. Lei, Xiying & Yang, Yao & Alharthi, Majed & Rasul, Farhat & Faraz Raza, Syed Muhammad, 2022. "Immense reliance on natural resources and environmental challenges in G-20 economies through the lens of COP-26 targets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    55. Pinglin He & Jing Ning & Zhongfu Yu & Hao Xiong & Huayu Shen & Hui Jin, 2019. "Can Environmental Tax Policy Really Help to Reduce Pollutant Emissions? An Empirical Study of a Panel ARDL Model Based on OECD Countries and China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-32, August.
    56. Sachs, Jeffrey D. & Warner, Andrew M., 2001. "The curse of natural resources," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(4-6), pages 827-838, May.
    57. Suki, Norazah Mohd & Suki, Norbayah Mohd & Afshan, Sahar & Sharif, Arshian & Meo, Muhammad Saeed, 2022. "The paradigms of technological innovation and renewables as a panacea for sustainable development: A pathway of going green," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1431-1439.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sun, Fei & Qu, Zhaojun & Wu, Ban & Bold, Sanchir, 2024. "Enhancing global supply chain distribution resilience through digitalization: Insights from natural resource sector of China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    2. Javed, Aamir & Rapposelli, Agnese & Khan, Feroz & Javed, Asif & Abid, Nabila, 2024. "Do green technology innovation, environmental policy, and the transition to renewable energy matter in times of ecological crises? A step towards ecological sustainability," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Josef Gotvald, 2024. "The role of environmental taxes and other political instruments on the road to climate neutrality [Role environmentálních daní a dalších politických nástrojů na cestě za klimatickou neutralitou]," Český finanční a účetní časopis, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2024(1), pages 47-76.
    2. Khaddage-Soboh, Nada & Safi, Adnan & Faisal Rasheed, Muhammad & Hasnaoui, Amir, 2023. "Examining the role of natural resource rent, environmental regulations, and environmental taxes in sustainable development: Evidence from G-7 economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    3. Liu, Xuemei & Yuan, Shuhan & Yu, Haoran & Liu, Zheng, 2023. "How ecological policy stringency moderates the influence of industrial innovation on environmental sustainability: The role of renewable energy transition in BRICST countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 194-204.
    4. Ozturk, Ilhan & Razzaq, Asif & Sharif, Arshian & Yu, Zhengsen, 2023. "Investigating the impact of environmental governance, green innovation, and renewable energy on trade-adjusted material footprint in G20 countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    5. Dogan, Eyup & Altinoz, Buket & Madaleno, Mara & Taskin, Dilvin, 2020. "The impact of renewable energy consumption to economic growth: A replication and extension of Inglesi-Lotz (2016)," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    6. Halmat Omer & Murad Bein, 2022. "Does the Moderating Role of Financial Development on Energy Utilization Contributes to Environmental Sustainability in GCC Economies?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.
    7. Dai, Siwei & Du, Xiaoyan, 2023. "Discovering the role of trade diversification, natural resources, and environmental policy stringency on ecological sustainability in the BRICST region," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    8. Wang, Haohui & Peng, Gang & Luo, Yan & Du, Hongmei, 2023. "Asymmetric influence of renewable energy, ecological governance, and human development on green growth of BRICS countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1007-1019.
    9. Fu, Haoliang & Guo, Wenwei & Sun, Zheng & Xia, Ting, 2023. "Asymmetric impact of natural resources rent, monetary and fiscal policies on environmental sustainability in BRICS countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    10. Hasan, Mohammad Maruf & Nan, Su & Waris, Umra, 2024. "Assessing the dynamics among oil consumption, ecological footprint, and renewable energy: Role of institutional quality in major oil-consuming countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    11. Fang, Shuya & Fang, Wei, 2023. "How fiscal decentralization and trade diversification influence sustainable development: Moderating role of resources dependency," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    12. Khan, Yasir & Hassan, Taimoor & Guiqin, Huang & Nabi, Ghulam, 2023. "Analyzing the impact of natural resources and rule of law on sustainable environment: A proposed policy framework for BRICS economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    13. Xia, Aiming & Liu, Qing, 2024. "Modelling the asymmetric impact of fintech, natural resources, and environmental regulations on ecological footprint in G7 countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    14. Yang, Bin & Wu, Qiong & Sharif, Arshian & Uddin, Gazi Salah, 2023. "Non-linear impact of natural resources, green financing, and energy transition on sustainable environment: A way out for common prosperity in NORDIC countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    15. Zhou, Hui & Awosusi, Abraham Ayobamiji & Dagar, Vishal & Zhu, Guohua & Abbas, Shujaat, 2023. "Unleashing the asymmetric effect of natural resources abundance on carbon emissions in regional comprehensive economic partnership: What role do economic globalization and disaggregating energy play?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    16. Fareed, Zeeshan & Rehman, Mubeen Abdur & Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday & Wang, Yihan & Ahmad, Munir & Shahzad, Farrukh, 2022. "Financial inclusion and the environmental deterioration in Eurozone: The moderating role of innovation activity," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    17. Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday & Onifade, Stephen Taiwo & Alola, Andrew Adewale & Muoneke, Obumneke Bob, 2022. "Does it take international integration of natural resources to ascend the ladder of environmental quality in the newly industrialized countries?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    18. Ma, Yubo & Fan, Yufeng & Razzaq, Asif, 2023. "Influence of technical efficiency and globalization on sustainable resources management: Evidence from South Asian countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    19. Bashir, Muhammad Farhan & MA, Benjiang & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Shahzad, Umer & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "Unveiling the heterogeneous impacts of environmental taxes on energy consumption and energy intensity: Empirical evidence from OECD countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    20. Yemane Wolde-Rufael & Eyob Mulat-weldemeskel, 2023. "Effectiveness of environmental taxes and environmental stringent policies on CO2 emissions: the European experience," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(6), pages 5211-5239, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:91:y:2024:i:c:s0301420724002113. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/30467 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.