IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jrpoli/v90y2024ics0301420724001557.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Natural resources, renewable energy-environment nexus for Pakistan: A policy perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Ullah, Sami
  • Lin, Boqiang

Abstract

In most studies, CO2 emission is considered one of the most significant indicator of environmental degradation. Similarly, in recent studies, ecological footprints have been found to be an effective indicator of environmental degradation due to their multiple impacts on the environment. Considering this, this study examines the fluctuations in CO2 emissions and ecological footprint in Pakistan from 1990 to 2018 and how natural resources, renewable energy, GDP, and population influenced them. In addition, the unique aspect of our study is that we estimated the impact of positive and negative shocks in NRs and RE on environmental degradation using the NARDL approach. The findings of NARDL indicate that both NRs and RE had an asymmetric impact on environmental quality. The coefficient of GDP was found to be positive with EFP and CO2. Furthermore, the role of cross terms (GDP*NRs and GDP*RE) negatively affects EFP while positively affecting CO2 emissions. Finally, policies are discussed for theory and practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Ullah, Sami & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Natural resources, renewable energy-environment nexus for Pakistan: A policy perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:90:y:2024:i:c:s0301420724001557
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.104788
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301420724001557
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.104788?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Park, Joon Y, 1992. "Canonical Cointegrating Regressions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 60(1), pages 119-143, January.
    2. Yasmeen, Rizwana & Yao, Xing & Ul Haq Padda, Ihtsham & Shah, Wasi Ul Hassan & Jie, Wanchen, 2022. "Exploring the role of solar energy and foreign direct investment for clean environment: Evidence from top 10 solar energy consuming countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 147-158.
    3. Khan, Yasir & Hassan, Taimoor, 2024. "Promoting sustainable development: Evaluating the influence of natural resources, high-tech export and corruption on CO2 emissions in developing economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    4. Zheng, Shiyong & Irfan, Muhammad & Ai, Fengyi & Al-Faryan, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh, 2023. "Do renewable energy, urbanisation, and natural resources enhance environmental quality in China? Evidence from novel bootstrap Fourier Granger causality in quantiles," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    5. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2010. "Renewable energy consumption and growth in Eurasia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 1392-1397, November.
    6. Peter C. B. Phillips & Bruce E. Hansen, 1990. "Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1) Processes," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 57(1), pages 99-125.
    7. Muhammad Wasif Zafar & Asif Saeed & Syed Anees Haider Zaidi & Abdul Waheed, 2021. "The linkages among natural resources, renewable energy consumption, and environmental quality: A path toward sustainable development," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 353-362, March.
    8. Yousuf, I. & Ghumman, A.R. & Hashmi, H.N. & Kamal, M.A., 2014. "Carbon emissions from power sector in Pakistan and opportunities to mitigate those," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 71-77.
    9. Khan, Anwar & Chenggang, Yang & Hussain, Jamal & Bano, Sadia & Nawaz, AAmir, 2020. "Natural resources, tourism development, and energy-growth-CO2 emission nexus: A simultaneity modeling analysis of BRI countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    10. Vougas, Dimitrios V., 2007. "GLS detrending and unit root testing," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 222-229, December.
    11. Qing, Lingli & Usman, Muhammad & Radulescu, Magdalena & Haseeb, Mohammad, 2024. "Towards the vision of going green in South Asian region: The role of technological innovations, renewable energy and natural resources in ecological footprint during globalization mode," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    12. Zivot, Eric & Andrews, Donald W K, 2002. "Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 25-44, January.
    13. Wang, Zhe & Chen, Huangxin & Teng, Yin-Pei, 2023. "Role of greener energies, high tech-industries and financial expansion for ecological footprints: Implications from sustainable development perspective," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1424-1435.
    14. Xu, Li & Wang, Xiuli & Wang, Lijun & Zhang, Di, 2022. "Does technological advancement impede ecological footprint level? The role of natural resources prices volatility, foreign direct investment and renewable energy in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    15. Zhan, Yanhong & Lin, Boqiang & Sun, Chuanwang, 2023. "How does pollution heterogeneity affect the role of cleaner production regulations? Evidence from Chinese enterprises' domestic value-added in exports," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    16. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    17. Yao, Xing & Yasmeen, Rizwana & Hussain, Jamal & Hassan Shah, Wasi Ul, 2021. "The repercussions of financial development and corruption on energy efficiency and ecological footprint: Evidence from BRICS and next 11 countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    18. Lanre Ibrahim, Ridwan & Bello Ajide, Kazeem & Usman, Muhammad & Kousar, Rakhshanda, 2022. "Heterogeneous effects of renewable energy and structural change on environmental pollution in Africa: Do natural resources and environmental technologies reduce pressure on the environment?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 244-256.
    19. Su, Tong & Zhang, Zuopeng (Justin) & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "Green bonds and conventional financial markets in China: A tale of three transmission modes," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    20. Wu Xiaoman & Abdul Majeed & Dinara G. Vasbieva & Claire Emilienne Wati Yameogo & Nazim Hussain, 2021. "Natural resources abundance, economic globalization, and carbon emissions: Advancing sustainable development agenda," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(5), pages 1037-1048, September.
    21. Zhou, Runyu & Abbasi, Kashif Raza & Salem, Sultan & Almulhim, Abdulaziz.I. & Alvarado, Rafael, 2022. "Do natural resources, economic growth, human capital, and urbanization affect the ecological footprint? A modified dynamic ARDL and KRLS approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    22. Xu, Deyi & Sheraz, Muhammad & Hassan, Arshad & Sinha, Avik & Ullah, Saif, 2022. "Financial development, renewable energy and CO2 emission in G7 countries: New evidence from non-linear and asymmetric analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    23. Uzar, Umut, 2024. "The dynamic effect of income distribution, natural resources, and freedom of press on ecological footprint: Theory and empirical evidence for emerging economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    24. Awa Traoré & Simplice A. Asongu, 2023. "Diffusion of Green technology, Governance and CO2 emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 23/054, African Governance and Development Institute..
    25. Lin, Boqiang & Ullah, Sami, 2024. "Modeling the impacts of changes in nuclear energy, natural gas, and coal in the environment through the novel DARDL approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    26. Lu, Yin & Tian, Tian & Ge, Chen, 2023. "Asymmetric effects of renewable energy, fintech development, natural resources, and environmental regulations on the climate change in the post-covid era," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    27. Jie, Huo & Khan, Irfan & Alharthi, Majed & Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Saeed, Asif, 2023. "Sustainable energy policy, socio-economic development, and ecological footprint: The economic significance of natural resources, population growth, and industrial development," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    28. Ni, Xiewen & Wang, Zanxin & Akbar, Ahsan & Ali, Sher, 2022. "Natural resources volatility, renewable energy, R&D resources and environment: Evidence from selected developed countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    29. Liu Sicen & Anwar Khan & Allauddin Kakar, 2022. "The Role of Disaggregated Level Natural Resources Rents in Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation of BRICS Economies," Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 1-14, September.
    30. Lin, Yuanxiong & Anser, Muhammad Khalid & Peng, Michael Yao-Ping & Irfan, Muhammad, 2023. "Assessment of renewable energy, financial growth and in accomplishing targets of China's cities carbon neutrality," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1082-1091.
    31. Kang, Han & Li, Le & Feng, Jin, 2023. "Are natural resources a hindrance to ecological footprint? Mineral rents, energy production, and consumption positions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    32. Liu, Haiying & Khan, Irfan & Zakari, Abdulrasheed & Alharthi, Majed, 2022. "Roles of trilemma in the world energy sector and transition towards sustainable energy: A study of economic growth and the environment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    33. Ramzan, Muhammad & Abbasi, Kashif Raza & Iqbal, Hafiz Arslan & Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday, 2023. "What's at Stake? The empirical importance of government revenue and debt and renewable energy for environmental neutrality in the US economy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 475-489.
    34. Sun, Chuanwang & Khan, Anwar & Liu, Yongzhe & Lei, Ni, 2022. "An analysis of the impact of fiscal and monetary policy fluctuations on the disaggregated level renewable energy generation in the G7 countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 1154-1165.
    35. Pata, Ugur Korkut, 2021. "Linking renewable energy, globalization, agriculture, CO2 emissions and ecological footprint in BRIC countries: A sustainability perspective," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 197-208.
    36. Sahbi Farhani, 2013. "Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Co2 Emissions: Evidence from Selected Mena Countries," Energy Economics Letters, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 1(2), pages 24-41.
    37. Hayat, Sikandar & Safi, Adnan & Wahab, Salman & Shahzad, Khurram & Chen, Yingying, 2023. "Renewable energy R&D and natural resources: A success story of environmentally friendly financing in OECD economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    38. Gregory, Allan W. & Hansen, Bruce E., 1996. "Residual-based tests for cointegration in models with regime shifts," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 99-126, January.
    39. Liu, Zhaoyi & Tu, Yongqian, 2023. "Nexus among financial innovation, natural resources and economic recovery: A fresh empirical insight from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    40. Fan, Kecai & Zheng, Mao & Shen, Yanan & Zhang, Fangfang, 2023. "Nexus between economic recovery, energy consumption, CO2 emission, and total natural resources rent," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PB).
    41. Hailu, Degol & Kipgen, Chinpihoi, 2017. "The Extractives Dependence Index (EDI)," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 251-264.
    42. Hussain, Jamal & Khan, Anwar & Zhou, Kui, 2020. "The impact of natural resource depletion on energy use and CO2 emission in Belt & Road Initiative countries: A cross-country analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    43. Umar, Muhammad & Safi, Adnan, 2023. "Do green finance and innovation matter for environmental protection? A case of OECD economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    44. DeCanio, Stephen J., 2009. "The political economy of global carbon emissions reductions," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 915-924, January.
    45. Abdullah Emre Caglar & Bulent Guloglu & Ayfer Gedikli, 2022. "Moving towards sustainable environmental development for BRICS: Investigating the asymmetric effect of natural resources on CO2," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), pages 1313-1325, October.
    46. Rizwana Yasmeen & Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda & Xing Yao & Wasi Ul Hassan Shah & Muhammad Hafeez, 2022. "Agriculture, forestry, and environmental sustainability: the role of institutions," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 8722-8746, June.
    47. Yusen Luo & Qinglin Wang & Xingle Long & Zheming Yan & Muhammad Salman & Chao Wu, 2023. "Green innovation and SO2 emissions: Dynamic threshold effect of human capital," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 499-515, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ullah, Sami & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Harnessing the synergistic impacts of financial structure, industrialization, and ecological footprint through the lens of the EKC hypothesis. Insights from Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    2. Ullah, Sami & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Green energy dynamics: Analyzing the environmental impacts of renewable, hydro, and nuclear energy consumption in Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    3. Azizullah Faizi & Mehmet Zeki AK & Mohammad Rahim Shahzad & Selay Yüksel & Renato Toffanin, 2024. "Environmental Impacts of Natural Resources, Renewable Energy, Technological Innovation, and Globalization: Evidence from the Organization of Turkic States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-20, November.
    4. Sun, Chuanwang & Khan, Anwar & Cai, Weiyi, 2024. "The response of energy aid and natural resources consumption in load capacity factor of the Asia Pacific emerging countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ullah, Sami & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Harnessing the synergistic impacts of financial structure, industrialization, and ecological footprint through the lens of the EKC hypothesis. Insights from Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    2. Liu, Xiaolian & Udemba, Edmund Ntom & Emir, Firat & Hussain, Sadam & Khan, Nazakat Ullah & Abdallah, Ibrahim, 2024. "Nexus between resource policy, renewable energy policy and export diversification: Asymmetric study of environment quality towards sustainable development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    3. Joof, Foday & Samour, Ahmed & Ali, Mumtaz & Tursoy, Turgut & Haseeb, Mohammad & Hossain, Md. Emran & Kamal, Mustafa, 2023. "Symmetric and asymmetric effects of gold, and oil price on environment: The role of clean energy in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    4. Salim, Ruhul & Yao, Yao & Chen, George & Zhang, Lin, 2017. "Can foreign direct investment harness energy consumption in China? A time series investigation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 43-53.
    5. Ogali, Oscar I.O. & Okoro, Emeka E. & Olafuyi, Saburi G., 2023. "Assessing consensus on nexus between natural gas consumption and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    6. Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel & Bekun, Festus Victor & Etokakpan, Mfonobong Udom & Driha, Oana M., 2019. "A road to enhancements in natural gas use in Iran: A multivariate modelling approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    7. Qin, Yong & Xu, Zeshui & Luo, Chaoguang & Skare, Marinko, 2024. "Investigating the nexus among resource curse, energy transition and sustainable development: Evidence from a global panel data," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    8. Wang, Xinghua & Su, Chi-Wei & Xue, Ziru & Xie, Xin, 2023. "Sustainable development goals perspective of natural resources: Does it paves the way for renewable sources of energy? A global case study," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    9. Guan, Jialin & Kirikkaleli, Dervis & Bibi, Ayesha & Zhang, Weike, 2020. "Natural resources rents nexus with financial development in the presence of globalization: Is the “resource curse” exist or myth?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    10. Iorember, Paul Terhemba & Usman, Ojonugwa & Jelilov, Gylych, 2019. "Asymmetric Effects of Renewable Energy Consumption, Trade Openness and Economic Growth on Environmental Quality in Nigeria and South Africa," MPRA Paper 96333, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2019.
    11. Halim TATLI, 2022. "Long-term price and income elasticity of residential natural gas demand in Turkey," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(1(630), S), pages 101-122, Spring.
    12. Pata, Ugur Korkut & Ertugrul, Hasan Murat, 2023. "Do the Kyoto Protocol, geopolitical risks, human capital and natural resources affect the sustainability limit? A new environmental approach based on the LCC hypothesis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    13. Shang, Yunfeng & Han, Ding & Gozgor, Giray & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Sahoo, Bimal Kishore, 2022. "The impact of climate policy uncertainty on renewable and non-renewable energy demand in the United States," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 654-667.
    14. Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath & Mohd Arshad Ansari & Muhammad Shahbaz & Xuan Vinh Vo, 2022. "Do tourism development and structural change promote environmental quality? Evidence from India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 5163-5194, April.
    15. Xu, Yi & Zhao, Fang, 2023. "Impact of energy depletion, human development, and income distribution on natural resource sustainability," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    16. Hossain, Mohammad Razib & Rej, Soumen & Awan, Ashar & Bandyopadhyay, Arunava & Islam, Md Sayemul & Das, Narasingha & Hossain, Md Emran, 2023. "Natural resource dependency and environmental sustainability under N-shaped EKC: The curious case of India," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    17. Ben Jebli, Mehdi & Ben Youssef, Slim, 2015. "The environmental Kuznets curve, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy, and trade in Tunisia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 173-185.
    18. Syed Ali Raza & Sahar Afshan, 2017. "Determinants of Exchange Rate in Pakistan: Revisited with Structural Break Testing," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 18(4), pages 825-848, August.
    19. Shahid, Rabia & Shahid, Humera & Shijie, Li & Jian, Gao, 2024. "Developing nexus between economic opening-up, environmental regulations, rent of natural resources, green innovation, and environmental upgrading of China - empirical analysis using ARDL bound-testing," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 3(1).
    20. Ni, Xiewen, 2023. "Natural resources and COP26 targets of developed countries: Pandemic perspective of natural resources extraction," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:90:y:2024:i:c:s0301420724001557. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/30467 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.