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The impact of spatial accessibility and perceived barriers on visitation to the US national park system

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  • Xiao, Xiao
  • Aultman-Hall, Lisa
  • Manning, Robert
  • Voigt, Brian

Abstract

Visits to the US national park system continue to increase, but racial/ethnic minorities are consistently underrepresented among national park visitors compared to Whites. Research suggests several reasons for historic underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities, including limited spatial accessibility, marginality, subcultural differences, and discrimination. This study uses spatial analysis of survey data collected in a range of geographic locations across the US, to assess the spatial accessibility of three racial/ethnic groups to units of the national park system. The study also considers the relationships between spatial accessibility and measures of marginality, subculture, and discrimination. Results show that access to national parks varies greatly between geographic areas: residents of large metropolitan areas have better access to units of the national park system than residents of rural areas. The effect of spatial accessibility on visitation varies among racial/ethnic groups. The study also highlights the importance of culturally-oriented parks, provides information about park accessibility in order to enhance relevancy, and informs management strategies that can encourage visitation across different geographic areas and more diverse populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiao, Xiao & Aultman-Hall, Lisa & Manning, Robert & Voigt, Brian, 2018. "The impact of spatial accessibility and perceived barriers on visitation to the US national park system," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 205-214.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:68:y:2018:i:c:p:205-214
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.03.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D M Hanink & K White, 1999. "Distance Effects in the Demand for Wildland Recreational Services: The Case of National Parks in the United States," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 31(3), pages 477-492, March.
    2. Andrew Balmford & Jonathan M H Green & Michael Anderson & James Beresford & Charles Huang & Robin Naidoo & Matt Walpole & Andrea Manica, 2015. "Walk on the Wild Side: Estimating the Global Magnitude of Visits to Protected Areas," PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-6, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lan Lin & Qun Liu & Xiao Xiao & Qin Luo, 2022. "Perceived Constraints on Active Recreational Sport Participation among Residents in Urban China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Rumin Zheng & Shuo Zhen & Lin Mei & Hongqiang Jiang, 2021. "Ecotourism Practices in Potatso National Park from the Perspective of Tourists: Assessment and Developing Contradictions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-14, November.
    3. Yun Hye Hwang & Ivan Kurniawan Nasution & Deepika Amonkar & Amy Hahs, 2020. "Urban Green Space Distribution Related to Land Values in Fast-Growing Megacities, Mumbai and Jakarta–Unexploited Opportunities to Increase Access to Greenery for the Poor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Yixian Mo & Rongxiao He & Qing Liu & Yaoyao Zhao & Shuhai Zhuo & Peng Zhou, 2024. "Spatial Configuration and Accessibility Assessment of Recreational Resources in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-15, October.

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