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Gender ratio under China's two-child policy

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  • Xu, Bing
  • Pak, Maxwell

Abstract

China's one-child policy has often been criticized for exacerbating its gender imbalance. Although such criticism implies that the gender imbalance should improve significantly once the one-child policy is removed, experiences of other countries with similar gender imbalance and no mandated fertility limit suggest that this conclusion should not be accepted without closer examination. Consequently, this paper examines the effects of allowing parents to have two children on the gender ratio. Specifically, we build a model of parental decision-making, in which parents choose between letting nature decide the gender of their child and manipulating the birth process to increase the likelihood of obtaining a son, and identify the optimal behaviors in this framework. We investigate the equilibrium level of gender imbalance under both the one-child and the two-child policy settings and show through a series of examples that the gender imbalance need not improve under the two-child policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu, Bing & Pak, Maxwell, 2015. "Gender ratio under China's two-child policy," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 289-307.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:119:y:2015:i:c:p:289-307
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2015.08.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Nana Chen & Hangtian Xu & Yang Xu, 2024. "Family planning and fertility inequality: Evidence from the abolition of China's one‐child policy," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 38(1), pages 86-117, March.
    2. Lu, Di, 2018. "China’s Selective Two-Child Policy and Its Impact on the Marriage Market," VfS Annual Conference 2018 (Freiburg, Breisgau): Digital Economy 181586, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender imbalance; One-child policy; Two-child policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy

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