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The choice of ADRs

Author

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  • Boubakri, Narjess
  • Cosset, Jean-Claude
  • Samet, Anis

Abstract

We study the determinants of a firm's decision to issue one of the four available ADR programs (Level I, Level II, Level III, and Rule 144A). We find that the firm's attributes (size, income, asset growth, leverage, privatization, ownership structure, and country-of-origin) and the firm's home-country institutional variables (accounting rating and legal protection of minority shareholders) condition this choice. We also examine the issuing activity and the determinants of the ADR choice before and after the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act. Following this structural change, we provide evidence of a reallocation between ADR programs. Compared to the pre-SOX period, firms from emerging markets, and those from countries with weak legal protection of minority shareholders, are more likely after SOX to choose Rule 144A and Level III, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Boubakri, Narjess & Cosset, Jean-Claude & Samet, Anis, 2010. "The choice of ADRs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 2077-2095, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:34:y:2010:i:9:p:2077-2095
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    2. Pan, Lee-Hsien & Lin, Chien-Ting & Yang, Pei-Chi, 2013. "Corporate governance, growth opportunities, and the choices of cross-listings: The case of Chinese ADRs," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 221-234.
    3. Chugh, Shrutika & Fargher, Neil & Wright, Sue, 2014. "Cross-listing as a Global Depository Receipt: The influence of emerging markets, regulation, and accounting regime," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 262-276.
    4. Samet, Anis & Abdallah, Wissam & Abdallah, Abed AL-Nasser, 2023. "The geography and determinants of ADR holdings," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 228-243.
    5. Thomas O'Connor & Julie Byrne, 2015. "Governance and the corporate life-cycle," International Journal of Managerial Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(1), pages 23-43, February.
    6. Esqueda, Omar A. & O’Connor, Thomas, 2020. "Corporate governance and life cycles in emerging markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    7. Ghaffar, Hamza & Azmat, Saad & Hassan, M. Kabir, 2022. "Domestic liquidity of cross-listed stocks: Evidence from the ADR market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    8. Hales, Alma D. & Mollick, André V., 2014. "The impact of ADR activity on stock market liquidity: Evidence from Latin America," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(3), pages 417-427.
    9. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chang, Chi-Hung & Chen, Mei-Ping, 2015. "Industry co-movements of American depository receipts: Evidences from the copula approaches," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 301-314.
    10. Lee, Hei Wai & Valero, Magali, 2010. "Cross-listing effect on information environment of foreign firms: ADR type and country characteristics," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(4-5), pages 178-196, December.
    11. Meisami, Alex & Misra, Lalatendu & Mehran, Jamshid & Shi, Yilun, 2014. "Foreign capital raising by Indian firms: An examination of domestic stock price response," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 181-202.
    12. Thomas O'Connor, 2014. "Legal bonding, investor recognition, and cross-listing premia in emerging markets," International Journal of Accounting and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 4(3), pages 209-239.
    13. Abdallah, Abed AL-Nasser & Abdallah, Wissam, 2017. "Does cross-listing increase managers' propensity to listen to the market in M&A deals?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 97-120.
    14. Cueto, Diego C., 2013. "Substitutability and complementarity of corporate governance mechanisms in Latin America," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 310-325.
    15. Jean-Claude Cosset & Charles Martineau & Anis Samet, 2012. "Do Political Institutions Affect the Choice of the U.S. Cross-Listing Venue?," Cahiers de recherche 1210, CIRPEE.

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