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Do artificial income smoothing and real income smoothing contribute to firm value equivalently?

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  • Huang, Pinghsun
  • Zhang, Yan
  • Deis, Donald R.
  • Moffitt, Jacquelyn S.

Abstract

This paper examines the potential impacts of artificial smoothing (abnormal accruals) and real smoothing (derivatives) on firm value. We find that the value of the firm decreases with the magnitude of abnormal accruals and increases with the level of derivative use. Moreover, the accrual discount is more pronounced in firms with weak investor protection and the hedging premium is greater for poorly governed firms. These results suggest that although managers can engage in real smoothing to improve the informativeness of firms' earnings and thus reduce agency costs, they might use artificial techniques to cosmetically improve the income stream in order to expropriate minority shareholders. In further support of agency theories, we report that poor corporate governance motivates the use of abnormal accruals and discourages derivative use.

Suggested Citation

  • Huang, Pinghsun & Zhang, Yan & Deis, Donald R. & Moffitt, Jacquelyn S., 2009. "Do artificial income smoothing and real income smoothing contribute to firm value equivalently?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 224-233, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:33:y:2009:i:2:p:224-233
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    3. Hsin, Chin-Wen & Chang, Feng-Yi & Shiah-Hou, Shin-Rong, 2024. "Performance of financial hedging and earnings management under diverse corporate information quality," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 782-810.
    4. Chia-Ling Chao & Shwu-Min Horng, 2013. "Asset write-offs discretion and accruals management in Taiwan: the role of corporate governance," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 41-74, January.
    5. Iatridis, George Emmanuel, 2015. "Corporate philanthropy in the US stock market: Evidence on corporate governance, value relevance and earnings manipulation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 113-126.
    6. Cai, Guowei & Hsu, Po-Hsuan & Xu, Xinyi & Zhou, Tong & Zhu, Yadian, 2023. "The bright and dark sides of minority shareholder protection: Evidence from the separate vote counts disclosure rule in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    7. Yeejin Jang & Kyung Yun (Kailey) Lee, 2022. "Taking a long view: Investor trading horizon and earnings management strategy," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 22(1), pages 36-71, March.
    8. Wu, Wei-Shao & Fok, Robert C.W. & Chang, Yuanchen & Chen, Chao-Jung, 2022. "Credit default swaps and corporate performance smoothing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    9. Abdolkarim Moghadam & Mehdi Baharmoghadam & Mojtaba Mohammadzadeh, 2013. "Income Smoothing and the Cost of Debt and Credit Ratings," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 3(3), pages 234-241, July.
    10. Alina Beattrice Vladu & Barcelona Spain, 2013. "Smoothing Behavior Of Firms In Times Of Crisis: Empirical Evidence From The Spanish Economic Environment," Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Faculty of Sciences, "1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia, vol. 2(15), pages 1-13.
    11. Iatridis, George, 2012. "Hedging and earnings management in the light of IFRS implementation: Evidence from the UK stock market," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 21-35.
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