IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jaitra/v97y2021ics0969699721001174.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A literature review and citation analyses of air travel demand studies published between 2010 and 2020

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Sen
  • Gao, Yi

Abstract

Accurate forecasting of air travel demand is vital for the resource planning of the air transportation industry. Therefore, identifying contributing factors and understanding the effect of these factors in causing the variation of air travel demand have been one of the key focus areas in air transportation research. This article reviews 87 air travel demand studies published from 2010 to 2020 and summarizes these studies using their input data and primary analytical methods. We also devise and conduct three citation analyses to further explore the relationships among the reviewed studies. Our review finds that a typical empirical study of air travel demand analysis would focus on the demand at the national level, employ time-series data concerning socio-economic and airline operational factors and use time-series based methods to estimate the relationship among the selected time-series. These studies are mostly applying existing analytical frameworks to specific problems rather than developing original methods, therefore their relationship to each other is parallel rather than sequential. A small number of references are frequently cited by the reviewed studies primarily because of their methodological contribution to time-series analysis. A common limitation of existing literature is that very few reviewed studies provide validation of their analyses. In addition, methods that are not regression or time-series based have very limited application in this area so far, so are the non-convention data such as mobility data or social media data. Besides providing a systematic summary of recent publications in a specific field, this review uses a relatively objective and replicable framework to compare and link studies by their references, which can be visualized by the figures included in this review. This review is expected to benefit future researchers that are interested in either air transportation or the application of time-series forecasting in an applied domain.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Sen & Gao, Yi, 2021. "A literature review and citation analyses of air travel demand studies published between 2010 and 2020," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jaitra:v:97:y:2021:i:c:s0969699721001174
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102135
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969699721001174
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102135?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Yahua, 2015. "International arrivals to Australia: Determinants and the role of air transport policy," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 44, pages 21-24.
    2. Pesaran, M.H. & Shin, Y., 1995. "An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9514, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    3. Kağan Albayrak, Muhammed Bilge & Özcan, İsmail Çağrı & Can, Raif & Dobruszkes, Frédéric, 2020. "The determinants of air passenger traffic at Turkish airports," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    4. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration--With Applications to the Demand for Money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 52(2), pages 169-210, May.
    5. Tsui, Wai Hong Kan & Ozer Balli, Hatice & Gilbey, Andrew & Gow, Hamish, 2014. "Forecasting of Hong Kong airport's passenger throughput," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 62-76.
    6. Van De Vijver, Elien & Derudder, Ben & Witlox, Frank, 2014. "Exploring causality in trade and air passenger travel relationships: the case of Asia-Pacific, 1980–2010," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 142-150.
    7. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    8. Suganthi, L. & Samuel, Anand A., 2012. "Energy models for demand forecasting—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 1223-1240.
    9. Wang, Kun & Zhang, Anming & Zhang, Yahua, 2018. "Key determinants of airline pricing and air travel demand in China and India: Policy, ownership, and LCC competition," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 80-89.
    10. Pacheco, Ricardo Rodrigues & Fernandes, Elton, 2017. "International air passenger traffic, trade openness and exchange rate in Brazil: A Granger causality test," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 22-29.
    11. Gallet, Craig A. & Doucouliagos, Hristos, 2014. "The income elasticity of air travel: A meta-analysis," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 141-155.
    12. Jin, Feng & Li, Yongwu & Sun, Shaolong & Li, Hongtao, 2020. "Forecasting air passenger demand with a new hybrid ensemble approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    13. Dobruszkes, Frédéric & Lennert, Moritz & Van Hamme, Gilles, 2011. "An analysis of the determinants of air traffic volume for European metropolitan areas," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 755-762.
    14. Chi, Junwook, 2020. "The impact of third-country exchange rate risk on international air travel flows: The case of Korean outbound tourism demand," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 66-78.
    15. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    16. Fildes, Robert & Ma, Shaohui & Kolassa, Stephan, 2019. "Retail forecasting: research and practice," MPRA Paper 89356, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Fumiaki Demizu & Yeun-Touh Li & Jan-Dirk Schmöcker & Toshiyuki Nakamura & Nobuhiro Uno, 2017. "Long-term impact of the Shinkansen on rail and air demand: analysis with data from Northeast Japan," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(7), pages 741-756, October.
    18. Fildes, Robert & Wei, Yingqi & Ismail, Suzilah, 2011. "Evaluating the forecasting performance of econometric models of air passenger traffic flows using multiple error measures," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 902-922, July.
    19. Zhang, Yahua & Findlay, Christopher, 2014. "Air transport policy and its impacts on passenger traffic and tourist flows," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 42-48.
    20. Elwakil, Omar Sherif & Windle, Robert J. & Dresner, Martin E., 2013. "Transborder demand leakage and the US–Canadian air passenger market," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 45-57.
    21. Nieto, María Rosa & Carmona-Benítez, Rafael Bernardo, 2018. "ARIMA + GARCH + Bootstrap forecasting method applied to the airline industry," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 1-8.
    22. Wang, Yanzai & Hao, Chengzhi & Liu, Dawei, 2019. "The spatial and temporal dimensions of the interdependence between the airline industry and the Chinese economy," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 201-210.
    23. Marazzo, Marcial & Scherre, Rafael & Fernandes, Elton, 2010. "Air transport demand and economic growth in Brazil: A time series analysis," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 261-269, March.
    24. Hofer, Christian & Kali, Raja & Mendez, Fabio, 2018. "Socio-economic mobility and air passenger demand in the U.S," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 85-94.
    25. Shujie Yao & Xiuyun Yang, 2012. "Air transport and regional economic growth in China," Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(3), pages 318-329.
    26. Granger, C W J, 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 424-438, July.
    27. Whiteley, Paul, 1979. "Electoral Forecasting from Poll Data: The British Case," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 219-236, April.
    28. Chen, Jieh-Haur & Wei, Hsi-Hsien & Chen, Chih-Lin & Wei, Hsin-Yi & Chen, Yi-Ping & Ye, Zhongnan, 2020. "A practical approach to determining critical macroeconomic factors in air-traffic volume based on K-means clustering and decision-tree classification," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    29. Scarpel, Rodrigo Arnaldo, 2013. "Forecasting air passengers at São Paulo International Airport using a mixture of local experts model," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 35-39.
    30. Wadud, Zia, 2014. "The asymmetric effects of income and fuel price on air transport demand," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 92-102.
    31. Sun, Shaolong & Lu, Hongxu & Tsui, Kwok-Leung & Wang, Shouyang, 2019. "Nonlinear vector auto-regression neural network for forecasting air passenger flow," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 54-62.
    32. Hu, Yi & Xiao, Jin & Deng, Ying & Xiao, Yi & Wang, Shouyang, 2015. "Domestic air passenger traffic and economic growth in China: Evidence from heterogeneous panel models," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 95-100.
    33. Dziedzic, Marcin & Njoya, Eric T. & Warnock-Smith, David & Hubbard, Nick, 2020. "Determinants of air traffic volumes and structure at small European airports," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    34. Hsiao, Chieh-Yu & Hansen, Mark, 2011. "A passenger demand model for air transportation in a hub-and-spoke network," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(6), pages 1112-1125.
    35. Carson, Richard T. & Cenesizoglu, Tolga & Parker, Roger, 2011. "Forecasting (aggregate) demand for US commercial air travel," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 923-941, July.
    36. Valdes, Victor, 2015. "Determinants of air travel demand in Middle Income Countries," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 75-84.
    37. Boonekamp, Thijs & Zuidberg, Joost & Burghouwt, Guillaume, 2018. "Determinants of air travel demand: The role of low-cost carriers, ethnic links and aviation-dependent employment," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 18-28.
    38. Kopsch, Fredrik, 2012. "A demand model for domestic air travel in Sweden," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 46-48.
    39. Profillidis, V. & Botzoris, G., 2015. "Air passenger transport and economic activity," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 23-27.
    40. Scotti, Davide & Dresner, Martin, 2015. "The impact of baggage fees on passenger demand on US air routes," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 4-10.
    41. Abed, Seraj Y. & Ba-Fail, Abdullah O. & Jasimuddin, Sajjad M., 2001. "An econometric analysis of international air travel demand in Saudi Arabia," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 143-148.
    42. Hakim, Md Mahbubul & Merkert, Rico, 2016. "The causal relationship between air transport and economic growth: Empirical evidence from South Asia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 120-127.
    43. Witt, Stephen F. & Witt, Christine A., 1995. "Forecasting tourism demand: A review of empirical research," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 447-475, September.
    44. Profillidis, V.Α., 2012. "An ex-post assessment of a passenger demand forecast of an airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 47-49.
    45. Bilal Mehmood & Acleo Feliceo & Amna Shahid, 2014. "What Causes What? Aviation Demand And Economic Growth In Romania: Cointegration Estimation And Causality Analysis," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 9(1), pages 21-33, March.
    46. Granger, C. W. J., 1988. "Some recent development in a concept of causality," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1-2), pages 199-211.
    47. Koo, Tay T.R. & Lim, Christine & Dobruszkes, Frédéric, 2017. "Causality in direct air services and tourism demand," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 67-77.
    48. Granger, C. W. J. & Newbold, P., 1974. "Spurious regressions in econometrics," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 111-120, July.
    49. Tay-Ryang Koo & Christine Lim & Frédéric Dobruszkes, 2017. "Causality in direct air services and tourism demand," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/259047, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    50. Elton Fernandes & Ricardo Rodrigues Pacheco, 2010. "The causal relationship between GDP and domestic air passenger traffic in Brazil," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(7), pages 569-581, July.
    51. Li, Zhi-Chun & Sheng, Dian, 2016. "Forecasting passenger travel demand for air and high-speed rail integration service: A case study of Beijing-Guangzhou corridor, China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 397-410.
    52. Chi, Junwook & Baek, Jungho, 2013. "Dynamic relationship between air transport demand and economic growth in the United States: A new look," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 257-260.
    53. Frédéric Dobruszkes & Moritz Lennert & Gilles Van Hamme, 2011. "An analysis of the determinants of air traffic volume for European metropolitan areas," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/95858, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    54. Chi, Junwook, 2014. "A cointegration analysis of bilateral air travel flows: The case of international travel to and from the United States," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 41-47.
    55. Hakim, Md Mahbubul & Merkert, Rico, 2019. "Econometric evidence on the determinants of air transport in South Asian countries," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 120-126.
    56. Baker, Douglas & Merkert, Rico & Kamruzzaman, Md., 2015. "Regional aviation and economic growth: cointegration and causality analysis in Australia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 140-150.
    57. Omer Berat Sezer & Mehmet Ugur Gudelek & Ahmet Murat Ozbayoglu, 2019. "Financial Time Series Forecasting with Deep Learning : A Systematic Literature Review: 2005-2019," Papers 1911.13288, arXiv.org.
    58. Chang, Li-Yen, 2012. "International air passenger flows between pairs of APEC countries: A non-parametric regression tree approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 4-6.
    59. Shu-Chuan Chen & Shih-Yao Kuo & Kuo-Wei Chang & Yi-Ting Wang, 2012. "Improving the forecasting accuracy of air passenger and air cargo demand: the application of back-propagation neural networks," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(3), pages 373-392, April.
    60. Grosche, Tobias & Rothlauf, Franz & Heinzl, Armin, 2007. "Gravity models for airline passenger volume estimation," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 175-183.
    61. Park, Ju D. & Koo, Won W., 2014. "The Magnitudes of Economic and Non-Economic Factors on the Demand for U.S. Domestic Air Travel," Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, Transportation Research Forum, vol. 53(3).
    62. Itani, Nadine & O’Connell, John F. & Mason, Keith, 2013. "The impact of emigrants’ homeland relations on air travel demand in a security volatile market: a case study on Lebanon," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 170-179.
    63. Samagaio, António & Wolters, Mark, 2010. "Comparative analysis of government forecasts for the Lisbon Airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 213-217.
    64. Chi, Junwook & Koo, Won W. & Lim, Siew H., 2010. "Demand Analysis for Air Passenger Service in U.S. City-Pair Markets," Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, Transportation Research Forum, vol. 49(1).
    65. Dantas, Tiago Mendes & Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz & Varela Repolho, Hugo Miguel, 2017. "Air transportation demand forecast through Bagging Holt Winters methods," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 116-123.
    66. Babai, Zied & Boylan, John E. & Kolassa, Stephan & Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos, 2016. "Supply chain forecasting: Theory, practice, their gap and the futureAuthor-Name: Syntetos, Aris A," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 252(1), pages 1-26.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yaghoub Abdi & Xiaoni Li & Xavier Càmara-Turull, 2023. "Firm value in the airline industry: perspectives on the impact of sustainability and Covid-19," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Tillmann, Andreas M. & Joormann, Imke & Ammann, Sabrina C.L., 2023. "Reproducible air passenger demand estimation," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    3. Yuruixian Zhang & Wei Chong Choo & Yuhanis Abdul Aziz & Choy Leong Yee & Jen Sim Ho, 2022. "Go Wild for a While? A Bibliometric Analysis of Two Themes in Tourism Demand Forecasting from 1980 to 2021: Current Status and Development," Data, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-38, July.
    4. Liang, Xiaozhen & Hong, Chenxi & Chen, Jiaqi & Wang, Yingying & Yang, Mingge, 2024. "A hybrid forecasting architecture for air passenger demand considering search engine data and spatial effect," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    5. Lee, Enoch & Kawakita, Takuya & Huai, Yue & Lo, Hong K. & Zhang, Anming, 2024. "Airline and high-speed rail collaboration and competition under travel time variability," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    6. Chen, Yuting & Fuellhart, Kurt & Grubesic, Tony H. & Zhang, Shengrun & Witlox, Frank, 2023. "Diverging spatiotemporal responses to COVID-19Â by airports: Evidence from China," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    7. Pantelaki, Evangelia & Papatheodorou, Andreas, 2022. "Behind the scenes of glamour: A systematic literature review of the business aviation sector," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Frédéric Dobruszkes & Christian Vandermotten, 2022. "Do scale and the type of markets matter? Revisiting the determinants of passenger air services worldwide," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/336304, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    2. Dobruszkes, Frédéric & Vandermotten, Christian, 2022. "Do scale and the type of markets matter? Revisiting the determinants of passenger air services worldwide," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    3. Hanson, Daniel & Toru Delibasi, Tuba & Gatti, Matteo & Cohen, Shamai, 2022. "How do changes in economic activity affect air passenger traffic? The use of state-dependent income elasticities to improve aviation forecasts," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    4. Rahman, Farzana & Rahman, Md. Mahmudur, 2023. "Analyzing service quality of domestic airlines in an emerging country- Bangladesh by structural equation models," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    5. Kağan Albayrak, Muhammed Bilge & Özcan, İsmail Çağrı & Can, Raif & Dobruszkes, Frédéric, 2020. "The determinants of air passenger traffic at Turkish airports," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    6. Iyer, K. Chandrashekhar & Thomas, Nivea, 2021. "An econometric analysis of domestic air traffic demand in regional airports: Evidence from India," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    7. Tsui, Wai Hong Kan & Fu, Xiaowen & Yin, Chuanzhong & Zhang, Huaxin, 2021. "Hong Kong's aviation and tourism growth - An empirical investigation," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    8. Hakim, Md Mahbubul & Merkert, Rico, 2019. "Econometric evidence on the determinants of air transport in South Asian countries," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 120-126.
    9. Gunter, Ulrich & Zekan, Bozana, 2021. "Forecasting air passenger numbers with a GVAR model," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    10. Chen, Jieh-Haur & Wei, Hsi-Hsien & Chen, Chih-Lin & Wei, Hsin-Yi & Chen, Yi-Ping & Ye, Zhongnan, 2020. "A practical approach to determining critical macroeconomic factors in air-traffic volume based on K-means clustering and decision-tree classification," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    11. Hakim, Md Mahbubul & Merkert, Rico, 2016. "The causal relationship between air transport and economic growth: Empirical evidence from South Asia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 120-127.
    12. Akinyemi, Yingigba Chioma, 2023. "Air cargo demand in Africa: Application of cointegration and error correction modelling techniques," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    13. Wang, Yanzai & Hao, Chengzhi & Liu, Dawei, 2019. "The spatial and temporal dimensions of the interdependence between the airline industry and the Chinese economy," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 201-210.
    14. Law, Colin C.H. & Zhang, Yahua & Gow, Jeff & Vu, Xuan-Binh, 2022. "Dynamic relationship between air transport, economic growth and inbound tourism in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    15. Xuanyu Yue & Julie Byrne, 2021. "Linking the Determinants of Air Passenger Flows and Aviation Related Carbon Emissions: A European Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-16, July.
    16. Jin, Feng & Li, Yongwu & Sun, Shaolong & Li, Hongtao, 2020. "Forecasting air passenger demand with a new hybrid ensemble approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    17. Tirtha, Sudipta Dey & Bhowmik, Tanmoy & Eluru, Naveen, 2023. "Understanding the factors affecting airport level demand (arrivals and departures) using a novel modeling approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    18. Hu, Yi & Xiao, Jin & Deng, Ying & Xiao, Yi & Wang, Shouyang, 2015. "Domestic air passenger traffic and economic growth in China: Evidence from heterogeneous panel models," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 95-100.
    19. Tolcha, Tassew Dufera & Bråthen, Svein & Holmgren, Johan, 2020. "Air transport demand and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa: Direction of causality," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    20. Rayaprolu, Hema & Levinson, David, 2024. "Co-evolution of public transport access and ridership," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jaitra:v:97:y:2021:i:c:s0969699721001174. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-air-transport-management/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.