IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/intfin/v71y2021ics1042443121000093.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Financial constraints and cross-listing

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Chunhua
  • Shi, Songhe
  • Song, Xiaoping
  • Zheng, Steven Xiaofan

Abstract

We examine whether alleviating financial constraints is one of the motives for non-U.S. firms to cross-list in stock markets in the United States. Using payout ratio, payout level, and WW index (Whited and Wu, 2006) as measures of financial constraints, we find that firms with higher financial constraints are more likely to cross-list in the U.S. This pattern is driven by small firms, which tend to be financially constrained. After firms cross-list, they significantly increase their payout ratio and payout level. Small firms have more increases in payouts than large firms. WW index decreases for small firms after cross-listing. Tests about cash flow sensitivities of cash also suggest that the decline in financial constraints is more significant for small firms. Overall the results suggest that relief from financial constraints may be an important motive for cross-listing, especially for small firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Chunhua & Shi, Songhe & Song, Xiaoping & Zheng, Steven Xiaofan, 2021. "Financial constraints and cross-listing," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:71:y:2021:i:c:s1042443121000093
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101290
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1042443121000093
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101290?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lins, Karl V. & Strickland, Deon & Zenner, Marc, 2005. "Do Non-U.S. Firms Issue Equity on U.S. Stock Exchanges to Relax Capital Constraints?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 40(1), pages 109-133, March.
    2. Timothy Erickson & Toni M. Whited, 2000. "Measurement Error and the Relationship between Investment and q," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 108(5), pages 1027-1057, October.
    3. Heitor Almeida & Murillo Campello & Igor Cunha & Michael S. Weisbach, 2014. "Corporate Liquidity Management: A Conceptual Framework and Survey," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 6(1), pages 135-162, December.
    4. Karolyi, G. Andrew, 2012. "Corporate governance, agency problems and international cross-listings: A defense of the bonding hypothesis," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 516-547.
    5. Fernandes, Nuno & Giannetti, Mariassunta, 2014. "On the fortunes of stock exchanges and their reversals: Evidence from foreign listings," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 157-176.
    6. Alexander, Gordon J & Eun, Cheol S & Janakiramanan, S, 1987. "Asset Pricing and Dual Listing on Foreign Capital Markets: A Note," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(1), pages 151-158, March.
    7. Errunza, Vihang & Losq, Etienne, 1985. "International Asset Pricing under Mild Segmentation: Theory and Test," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 40(1), pages 105-124, March.
    8. Doidge, Craig & Karolyi, G. Andrew & Stulz, Rene M., 2004. "Why are foreign firms listed in the U.S. worth more?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 205-238, February.
    9. Sean Cleary, 1999. "The Relationship between Firm Investment and Financial Status," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(2), pages 673-692, April.
    10. Sarkissian, Sergei & Schill, Michael J., 2012. "The nature of the foreign listing premium: A cross-country examination," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2494-2511.
    11. Heitor Almeida & Murillo Campello, 2007. "Financial Constraints, Asset Tangibility, and Corporate Investment," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(5), pages 1429-1460, 2007 12.
    12. repec:bla:jfinan:v:59:y:2004:i:4:p:1777-1804 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Raj Aggarwal & Jian Cao & Feng Chen, 2012. "Information Environment, Dividend Changes, and Signaling: Evidence from ADR Firms," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(2), pages 403-431, June.
    14. Sarkissian, Sergei & Schill, Michael J., 2016. "Cross-Listing Waves," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 51(1), pages 259-306, February.
    15. Toni M. Whited & Guojun Wu, 2006. "Financial Constraints Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 19(2), pages 531-559.
    16. Lamont, Owen & Polk, Christopher & Saa-Requejo, Jesus, 2001. "Financial Constraints and Stock Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(2), pages 529-554.
    17. Steven M. Fazzari & R. Glenn Hubbard & Bruce C. Petersen, 1988. "Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 19(1), pages 141-206.
    18. Stephen R. Foerster & G. Andrew Karolyi, 1999. "The Effects of Market Segmentation and Investor Recognition on Asset Prices: Evidence from Foreign Stocks Listing in the United States," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(3), pages 981-1013, June.
    19. Charles J. Hadlock & Joshua R. Pierce, 2010. "New Evidence on Measuring Financial Constraints: Moving Beyond the KZ Index," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(5), pages 1909-1940.
    20. Stapleton, R C & Subrahmanyam, Marti G, 1977. "Market Imperfections, Capital Market Equilibrium and Corporation Finance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(2), pages 307-319, May.
    21. Zhang, Ivy Xiying, 2007. "Economic consequences of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(1-2), pages 74-115, September.
    22. Reese, William Jr. & Weisbach, Michael S., 2002. "Protection of minority shareholder interests, cross-listings in the United States, and subsequent equity offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 65-104, October.
    23. Craig Doidge & G. Andrew Karolyi & Karl V. Lins & Darius P. Miller & René M. Stulz, 2009. "Private Benefits of Control, Ownership, and the Cross‐listing Decision," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(1), pages 425-466, February.
    24. Eun, Cheol S & Janakiramanan, S, 1986. "A Model of International Asset Pricing with a Constraint on the Foreign Equity Ownership," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 41(4), pages 897-914, September.
    25. Sergei Sarkissian & Michael J. Schill, 2009. "Are there permanent valuation gains to overseas listing?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(1), pages 371-412, January.
    26. Doidge, Craig & Andrew Karolyi, G. & Stulz, Ren M., 2009. "Has New York become less competitive than London in global markets? Evaluating foreign listing choices over time," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(3), pages 253-277, March.
    27. Li, Shi & Li, Tianze & Mittoo, Usha & Song, Xiaoping & Zheng, Steven Xiaofan, 2019. "ADR valuation and listing of foreign firms in U.S. Equity markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 284-298.
    28. René M. Stulz, 1999. "Golbalization, Corporate Finance, And The Cost Of Capital," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 12(3), pages 8-25, September.
    29. Aydoḡan Alti, 2003. "How Sensitive Is Investment to Cash Flow When Financing Is Frictionless?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(2), pages 707-722, April.
    30. Hail, Luzi & Leuz, Christian, 2009. "Cost of capital effects and changes in growth expectations around U.S. cross-listings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(3), pages 428-454, September.
    31. Franck Bancel & Cusha Mittoo, 2001. "European Managerial Perceptions of the Net Benefits of Foreign Stock Listings," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 7(2), pages 213-236, June.
    32. Steven N. Kaplan & Luigi Zingales, 1997. "Do Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Financing Constraints?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(1), pages 169-215.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Chengming & Wang, Yilin & Zhou, Zhihan & Wang, Zeyu & Mardani, Abbas, 2023. "Digital finance and enterprise financing constraints: Structural characteristics and mechanism identification," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    2. Zhou, Lu Jolly & Kong, Weimin & Li, Yunshen, 2023. "Cross-listing and predation risk in product markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    3. Li, Chen & Liu, Zhao & Song, Rong & Zhang, Yue-Jun, 2024. "The impact of green credit guidelines on environmental performance: Firm-level evidence from China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Karolyi, G. Andrew, 2012. "Corporate governance, agency problems and international cross-listings: A defense of the bonding hypothesis," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 516-547.
    2. Li, Shi & Li, Tianze & Mittoo, Usha & Song, Xiaoping & Zheng, Steven Xiaofan, 2019. "ADR valuation and listing of foreign firms in U.S. Equity markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 284-298.
    3. Gilberto Loureiro & Sónia Silva, 2015. "Post-Operating Performance of Cross-Delisted Firms From U.S. Stock Exchanges," NIPE Working Papers 17/2015, NIPE - Universidade do Minho.
    4. Bae, Kee-Hong & Ding, Yi & Wang, Xiaoqiao, 2020. "Relative industry valuation and cross-border listing," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    5. Ghadhab, Imen & M’rad, Mouna, 2018. "Does US cross-listing come with incremental benefit for already UK cross-listed firms," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 188-204.
    6. Loureiro, Gilberto & Silva, Sónia, 2020. "The impact of cross-delisting from the U.S. On firms’ financial constraints," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 132-146.
    7. Jyh-Dean Hwang, 2013. "Are There Valuation and Operating Performance Gains from International Cross Listing? Evidence from Taiwan’s Depositary Receipt Issuers," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 3(2), pages 137-163, December.
    8. Sarkissian, Sergei & Schill, Michael J., 2012. "The nature of the foreign listing premium: A cross-country examination," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2494-2511.
    9. Ghadhab, Imen, 2021. "Cross-listing and the alignment between short and long-run performance," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    10. Hengjie Ai & Kai Li & Rui Li, 2024. "Moral Hazard and Investment-Cash-Flow Sensitivity," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 25(1), pages 143-174, May.
    11. Li, Hong, 2019. "Direct overseas listing versus cross-listing: A multivalued treatment effects analysis of Chinese listed firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    12. Sarkissian, Sergei & Schill, Michael, 2010. "Why are U.S. firms listed in foreign markets worth more?," MPRA Paper 27543, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Fernandes, Nuno & Giannetti, Mariassunta, 2014. "On the fortunes of stock exchanges and their reversals: Evidence from foreign listings," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 157-176.
    14. Korczak, Piotr & Bohl, Martin T., 2005. "Empirical evidence on cross-listed stocks of Central and Eastern European companies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 6(2), pages 121-137, June.
    15. Imen Ghadhab & Slaheddine Hellara & Abdelkader Derbali, 2018. "Why do firms make an additional cross-listing? An empirical investigation using multiple failure time model," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 191-203, May.
    16. Kim, Oksana, 2017. "The joint role of the bonding mechanisms and the reduction in market segmentation in valuation of firms cross-listed as Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs)," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 19-38.
    17. Dimic, Nebojsa & Orlov, Vitaly & Piljak, Vanja, 2022. "First offshore bond issuances and firm valuation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    18. Lou, Zhaohui & Xie, Qizhuo & Shen, Jim Huangnan & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2024. "Does Supply Chain Finance (SCF) alleviate funding constraints of SMEs? Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
    19. Thierry Foucault & Laurent Frésard, 2012. "Cross-Listing, Investment Sensitivity to Stock Price, and the Learning Hypothesis," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(11), pages 3305-3350.
    20. Jyh-Dean Hwang, 2013. "Are There Valuation and Operating Performance Gains from International Cross Listing? Evidence from Taiwan’s Depositary Receipt Issuers," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 3(2), pages 137-163, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:71:y:2021:i:c:s1042443121000093. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/intfin .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.