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How much intelligence is there in artificial intelligence? A 2020 update

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  • van der Maas, Han L.J.
  • Snoek, Lukas
  • Stevenson, Claire E.

Abstract

Schank (1980) wrote an editorial for Intelligence on “How much intelligence is there in artificial intelligence?”. In this paper, we revisit this question. We start with a short overview of modern AI and showcase some of the AI breakthroughs in the four decades since Schank’s paper. We follow with a description of the main techniques these AI breakthroughs were based upon, such as deep learning and reinforcement learning; two techniques that have deep roots in psychology. Next, we discuss how psychologically plausible AI is and could become given the modern breakthroughs in AI’s ability to learn. We then access the main question of how intelligent AI systems actually are. For example, are there AI systems that can solve human intelligence tests? We conclude that Shank's observation, that intelligence is all about generalization and that AI is not particularly good at this, has, so far, withstood the test of time. Finally, we consider what AI insights could mean for the study of individual differences in intelligence. We close with how AI can further Intelligence research and vice versa, and look forward to fruitful interactions in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • van der Maas, Han L.J. & Snoek, Lukas & Stevenson, Claire E., 2021. "How much intelligence is there in artificial intelligence? A 2020 update," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intell:v:87:y:2021:i:c:s0160289621000325
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101548
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Volodymyr Mnih & Koray Kavukcuoglu & David Silver & Andrei A. Rusu & Joel Veness & Marc G. Bellemare & Alex Graves & Martin Riedmiller & Andreas K. Fidjeland & Georg Ostrovski & Stig Petersen & Charle, 2015. "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning," Nature, Nature, vol. 518(7540), pages 529-533, February.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Haier, Richard J., 2021. "Are we thinking big enough about the road ahead? Overview of the special issue on the future of intelligence research," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    3. Neubauer, Aljoscha C., 2021. "The future of intelligence research in the coming age of artificial intelligence – With a special consideration of the philosophical movements of trans- and posthumanism," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    4. Cosmin Sandu BADELE & Lucian IVAN, 2021. "Management Of Open Source Information In The Management Of Current Cyber Threats And Ways To Fight Fraud At Financial Companies," Internal Auditing and Risk Management, Athenaeum University of Bucharest, vol. 62(2), pages 9-19, June.

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