IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/injoed/v49y2016icp291-299.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The internal dynamics of privatised public education: Fee-charging supplementary tutoring provided by teachers in Cambodia

Author

Listed:
  • Bray, Mark
  • Kobakhidze, Magda Nutsa
  • Liu, Junyan
  • Zhang, Wei

Abstract

Much literature is available on private schools that operate alongside public schools, and on public schools that are encouraged to operate more like businesses in order to become more efficient and client-oriented. This paper, by contrast, focuses on privatisation by default behind a façade of fee-free education. It concerns supplementary private tutoring provided by government-employed teachers, in many cases to their own students in large classes and on the school premises. Drawing on questionnaire and interview data from secondary school students and teachers in one province of Cambodia, the paper examines interlinked factors that contribute to this process. These factors include low teachers’ salaries, lack of instructional time, large classes, and the possibility of different teacher-student relationships in supplementary lessons. The paper is contextualised within the wider literatures on privatisation and shadow education.

Suggested Citation

  • Bray, Mark & Kobakhidze, Magda Nutsa & Liu, Junyan & Zhang, Wei, 2016. "The internal dynamics of privatised public education: Fee-charging supplementary tutoring provided by teachers in Cambodia," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 291-299.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:49:y:2016:i:c:p:291-299
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.04.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738059316300402
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.04.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Asian Development Bank (ADB) & Asian Development Bank (ADB) & Asian Development Bank (ADB) & Asian Development Bank (ADB), 2014. "Cambodia: Country Poverty Analysis 2014," ADB Reports RPT146839, Asian Development Bank (ADB).
    2. Abadzi, Helen, 2007. "Absenteeism and beyond : instructional time loss and consequences," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4376, The World Bank.
    3. Jayachandran, Seema, 2014. "Incentives to teach badly: After-school tutoring in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 190-205.
    4. Rogers, F. Halsey & Vegas, Emiliana, 2009. "No more cutting class ? reducing teacher absence and providing incentives for performance," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4847, The World Bank.
    5. Luis Benveniste & Jeffery Marshall & M. Caridad Araujo, 2008. "Teaching in Cambodia," World Bank Publications - Reports 8073, The World Bank Group.
    6. Jheng, Ying-Jie, 2015. "The influence of private tutoring on middle-class students’ use of in-class time in formal schools in Taiwan," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1-8.
    7. Prateek Tandon & Tsuyoshi Fukao, 2015. "Educating the Next Generation : Improving Teacher Quality in Cambodia," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 21002.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Abid MALIK, 2017. "Shadow Education: Evolution, Flaws And Further Development Of The Term," Social Sciences and Education Research Review, Department of Communication, Journalism and Education Sciences, University of Craiova, vol. 4(1), pages 6-29, August.
    2. Bhorkar, Shalini & Bray, Mark, 2018. "The expansion and roles of private tutoring in India: From supplementation to supplantation," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 148-156.
    3. Liu, Junyan & Bray, Mark, 2020. "Private Subtractory Tutoring: The Negative Impact of Shadow Education on Public Schooling in Myanmar," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    4. Idei, Rika & Kato, Hironori & Morikawa, So, 2020. "Contribution of rural roads improvement on children’s school attendance: Evidence in Cambodia," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tim Kelsall & Sothy Khieng & Chuong Chantha & Tieng Tek Muy, 2016. "The political economy of primary education reform in Cambodia," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series esid-058-16, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    2. Liu, Junyan & Bray, Mark, 2020. "Private Subtractory Tutoring: The Negative Impact of Shadow Education on Public Schooling in Myanmar," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    3. Mehtabul Azam, 2016. "Private Tutoring: Evidence from India," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(4), pages 739-761, November.
    4. Jonathan Colmer, 2013. "Climate Variability, Child Labour and Schooling: Evidence on the Intensive and Extensive Margin," GRI Working Papers 132, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
    5. Verónica Cabezas & José Ignacio Cuesta & Francisco Gallego, 2021. "Does Short-Term School Tutoring have Medium-Term Effects? Experimental Evidence from Chile," Documentos de Trabajo 565, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
    6. Lewis, Maureen & Pettersson, Gunilla, 2009. "Governance in health care delivery : raising performance," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5074, The World Bank.
    7. Pallegedara, Asankha & Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul, 2018. "Patterns and determinants of private tutoring: The case of Bangladesh households," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 43-50.
    8. Indal Kumar & Indrani Roy Chowdhury, 2021. "Shadow Education in India: Participation and Socioeconomic Determinants," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 16(2), pages 244-272, August.
    9. Buttmann, Vera, 2017. "The clash of rural-urban migrants and real estate investors on Phnom Penh's housing market: Prospects for garment workers," IPE Working Papers 91/2017, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
    10. Alaka Holla & Jishnu Das & Aakash Mohpal & Karthik Muralidharan, 2015. "Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery: Audit Evidence from Primary Care Providers in India," Working Papers id:7219, eSocialSciences.
    11. World Bank Group, 2016. "Education Sector Public Expenditure Tracking and Service Delivery Survey in Zambia," World Bank Publications - Reports 23884, The World Bank Group.
    12. Pan, Zheng & Lien, Donald & Wang, Hao, 2022. "Peer effects and shadow education," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    13. Yung, Kevin Wai-Ho, 2020. "Comparing the effectiveness of cram school tutors and schoolteachers: A critical analysis of students’ perceptions," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    14. Shoji, Masahiro & Takafuji, Yoko & Harada, Tetsuya, 2019. "Behavioral Impact of Disaster Education: Evidence from a Dance-Based Program in Indonesia," MPRA Paper 95440, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    16. Dang,Hai-Anh H. & King,Elizabeth M. & Dang,Hai-Anh H. & King,Elizabeth M., 2013. "Incentives and teacher effort : further evidence from a developing country," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6694, The World Bank.
    17. Flower, Benjamin C.R., 2018. "Does informal tenure result in land inequality? A critique of tenure formalisation reforms in Cambodia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 240-248.
    18. Clifford Afoakwah & Isaac Koomson, 2021. "How does school travel time impact children’s learning outcomes in a developing country?," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1077-1097, December.
    19. Charles Kenny, 2010. "Learning about Schools in Development," Working Papers id:3386, eSocialSciences.
    20. Robert Kolesar & Sambo Pheakdey & Bart Jacobs & Narith Chan & Samedy Yok & Martine Audibert, 2019. "Expanding Social Health Protection in Cambodia: An assessment of the current coverage potential and gaps, and social equity considerations," CERDI Working papers halshs-02018867, HAL.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:49:y:2016:i:c:p:291-299. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-educational-development .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.