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Which acquirers gain more, single or multiple? Recent evidence from the USA market

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  • Ismail, Ahmad

Abstract

This study considers shareholder returns using 16,221 US takeovers between 1985 and 2004. It finds that single acquirers out-perform multiple acquirers by 1.66%, and that the gap widens to 5% in equity exchange offers. In contrast to multiple acquirers, single acquirers generate higher returns in equity deals than in cash and mixed offers, due to the high returns earned through the acquisition of non-public targets. Unsuccessful first time acquirers learn but successful first time bidders suffer from hubris behavior in subsequent acquisitions. The study finds that size, relative size, and valuation differences could explain the higher returns for single acquirers, and that the toehold presence leads to paying lower premiums.

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  • Ismail, Ahmad, 2008. "Which acquirers gain more, single or multiple? Recent evidence from the USA market," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 72-84.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:glofin:v:19:y:2008:i:1:p:72-84
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    1. Hossain, Md Mosharraf & Heaney, Richard & Yu, Jing, 2020. "The information content of director trading: Evidence from acquisition announcements in Australia," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    2. Shaomeng Li & Guy S. Liu & Andros Gregoriou, 2021. "Do more mergers and acquisitions create value for shareholders?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 755-787, February.
    3. Aktas, Nihat & de Bodt, Eric & Roll, Richard, 2009. "Learning, hubris and corporate serial acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 543-561, December.
    4. Anton George & Cheptiş Alexandra & Vasilca Miruna-Mihaela & Vid Alin-Ioan, 2022. "Estimating the value creation probability of mergers and acquisitions events using option pricing models Evidence from Europe and USA," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 16(1), pages 203-216, August.
    5. Amor, Salma Ben & Kooli, Maher, 2016. "Do acquisitions affect IPO long-run performance? Evidence from single vs. multiple acquirers," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 63-79.
    6. Renneboog, Luc & Vansteenkiste, Cara, 2019. "Failure and success in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 650-699.
    7. Ahmad Ismail & Abed A. Abdallah, 2013. "Acquirer's return and the choice of acquisition targets: does acquisition experience matter?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(26), pages 3770-3777, September.
    8. Ahmad Ismail, 2010. "Are good financial advisors really good? The performance of investment banks in the M&A market," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 411-429, November.
    9. Thibaut G. Morillon, 2021. "Serial acquirers and decreasing returns: Do bidders’ acquisition patterns matter?," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 56(3), pages 407-432, August.
    10. Al Rahahleh, Naseem & Wei, Peihwang Philip, 2012. "The performance of frequent acquirers: Evidence from emerging markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 16-33.
    11. Schriber, Svante & Degischer, Daniel, 2020. "Disentangling acquisition experience: A multilevel analysis and future research agenda," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(2).
    12. Mateev, Miroslav, 2017. "Is the M&A announcement effect different across Europe? More evidences from continental Europe and the UK," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 190-216.
    13. Jamal Ali Al-Khasawneh & Benito A. Sanchez, 2021. "Deal-to-deal marginal efficiency dynamics of serial US banking acquirers," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1283-1308, November.
    14. Xu, Weidong & Gao, Xin & Li, Donghui & Zhuang, Mingming & Yang, Shijie, 2022. "Serial acquirers and stock price crash risk: International evidence," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    15. Manapol Ekkayokkaya & Phil Holmes & Krishna Paudyal, 2009. "Limited Information and the Sustainability of Unlisted‐Target Acquirers' Returns," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(9‐10), pages 1201-1227, November.
    16. Stefano Valdemarin, 2018. "The Successful Internationalization of Intesa Sanpaolo Bank in Central and Eastern Europe: Acquisitions, Insidership and the Uppsala Model," Central European Business Review, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2018(1), pages 46-57.
    17. Kerstin Fehre & Daniel Kronenwett & Hagen Lindstädt & Michael Wolff, 2016. "Lost in transaction? The transfer effect of strategic consistency," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 9(1), pages 101-131, April.
    18. Betton, Sandra & Davis, Frederick & Walker, Thomas, 2018. "Rumor rationales: The impact of message justification on article credibility," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 271-287.
    19. George Giannopoulos & Ehsan Khansalar & Patel Neel, 2017. "The Impact of Single and Multiple Mergers and Acquisitions on Shareholders¡¯ Wealth of UK Bidder Firms," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(3), pages 141-167, March.
    20. Hossain, Md Mosharraf & Pham, Man Duy (Marty) & Islam, Nahid, 2021. "The performance and motivation of serial acquisitions: Evidence from Australia," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    21. José Fillat & Stefania Garetto, 2021. "On the Origins of the Multinational Premium," Working Papers 21-20, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    22. Lukas, Elmar & Pereira, Paulo J. & Rodrigues, Artur, 2019. "Designing optimal M&A strategies under uncertainty," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 1-20.
    23. Aktas, Nihat & de Bodt, Eric & Roll, Richard, 2011. "Serial acquirer bidding: An empirical test of the learning hypothesis," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 18-32, February.

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