IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finmar/v20y2014icp61-78.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A comprehensive study of liquidity before and after SEOs and SEO underpricing

Author

Listed:
  • He, Yan
  • Wang, Junbo
  • John Wei, K.C.

Abstract

We comprehensively study various measures of stock trading liquidity around seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) and SEO underpricing using a sample of 3,811 SEOs, made from 1997 to 2012, and a matched non-SEO sample. We find that all liquidity measures of SEO firms improve significantly after SEO events. Furthermore, the magnitudes of reductions in transaction cost measures of illiquidity are significantly associated with relative offer size, the change in stock price, and the change in volatility with expected signs. Most importantly, a smaller magnitude of SEO underpricing is significantly and positively associated with a larger reduction in transaction cost measures of illiquidity.

Suggested Citation

  • He, Yan & Wang, Junbo & John Wei, K.C., 2014. "A comprehensive study of liquidity before and after SEOs and SEO underpricing," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 61-78.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finmar:v:20:y:2014:i:c:p:61-78
    DOI: 10.1016/j.finmar.2014.03.004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386418114000184
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.finmar.2014.03.004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Easley & Soeren Hvidkjaer & Maureen O'Hara, 2002. "Is Information Risk a Determinant of Asset Returns?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(5), pages 2185-2221, October.
    2. Murray Carlson & Adlai Fisher & Ron Giammarino, 2010. "SEO Risk Dynamics," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(11), pages 4026-4077, November.
    3. Malcolm Baker & Jeffrey Wurgler, 2000. "The Equity Share in New Issues and Aggregate Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(5), pages 2219-2257, October.
    4. Pastor, Lubos & Stambaugh, Robert F., 2003. "Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 111(3), pages 642-685, June.
    5. Lee, Charles M C & Ready, Mark J, 1991. "Inferring Trade Direction from Intraday Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(2), pages 733-746, June.
    6. Oliver Zhen LI & Zili Zhuang, 2012. "Management Guidance and the Underpricing of Seasoned Equity Offerings," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(3), pages 710-737, September.
    7. Malcolm Baker & Jeffrey Wurgler, 2006. "Investor Sentiment and the Cross‐Section of Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(4), pages 1645-1680, August.
    8. Autore, Don M., 2011. "Does Rule 10b-21 increase SEO discounting?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 231-247, April.
    9. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R., 2000. "Uniformly least powerful tests of market efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(3), pages 361-389, March.
    10. Lee, Gemma & Masulis, Ronald W., 2009. "Seasoned equity offerings: Quality of accounting information and expected flotation costs," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(3), pages 443-469, June.
    11. Elliott, William B. & Prevost, Andrew K. & Rao, Ramesh P., 2009. "The announcement impact of seasoned equity offerings on bondholder wealth," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1472-1480, August.
    12. Mark H. Lang & Russell J. Lundholm, 2000. "Voluntary Disclosure and Equity Offerings: Reducing Information Asymmetry or Hyping the Stock?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(4), pages 623-662, December.
    13. Allan C. Eberhart & Akhtar Siddique, 2002. "The Long-Term Performance of Corporate Bonds (and Stocks) Following Seasoned Equity Offerings," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 15(5), pages 1385-1406.
    14. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R, 1997. "The Operating Performance of Firms Conducting Seasoned Equity Offerings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(5), pages 1823-1850, December.
    15. Jo, Hoje & Kim, Yongtae, 2007. "Disclosure frequency and earnings management," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 561-590, May.
    16. Bilinski, Pawel & Liu, Weimin & Strong, Norman, 2012. "Does liquidity risk explain low firm performance following seasoned equity offerings?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 2770-2785.
    17. Eckbo, B. Espen & Norli, Oyvind, 2005. "Liquidity risk, leverage and long-run IPO returns," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 11(1-2), pages 1-35, March.
    18. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R, 1995. "The New Issues Puzzle," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(1), pages 23-51, March.
    19. Korajczyk, Robert A & Lucas, Deborah J & McDonald, Robert L, 1991. "The Effect of Information Releases on the Pricing and Timing of Equity Issues," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 4(4), pages 685-708.
    20. Newey, Whitney & West, Kenneth, 2014. "A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 33(1), pages 125-132.
    21. Evgeny Lyandres & Le Sun & Lu Zhang, 2008. "The New Issues Puzzle: Testing the Investment-Based Explanation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(6), pages 2825-2855, November.
    22. Masulis, Ronald W. & Korwar, Ashok N., 1986. "Seasoned equity offerings : An empirical investigation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1-2), pages 91-118.
    23. Acharya, Viral V. & Pedersen, Lasse Heje, 2005. "Asset pricing with liquidity risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 375-410, August.
    24. repec:bla:jfinan:v:53:y:1998:i:6:p:1839-1885 is not listed on IDEAS
    25. Amihud, Yakov & Mendelson, Haim, 1986. "Asset pricing and the bid-ask spread," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 223-249, December.
    26. Amihud, Yakov, 2002. "Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 31-56, January.
    27. Chordia, Tarun & Roll, Richard & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2000. "Commonality in liquidity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 3-28, April.
    28. Shane A. Corwin, 2003. "The Determinants of Underpricing for Seasoned Equity Offers," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(5), pages 2249-2279, October.
    29. repec:bla:jfinan:v:59:y:2004:i:4:p:1553-1583 is not listed on IDEAS
    30. Asquith, Paul & Mullins, David Jr., 1986. "Equity issues and offering dilution," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1-2), pages 61-89.
    31. Brav, Alon & Geczy, Christopher & Gompers, Paul A., 2000. "Is the abnormal return following equity issuances anomalous?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 209-249, May.
    32. Lin, Ji-Chai & Sanger, Gary C & Booth, G Geoffrey, 1995. "Trade Size and Components of the Bid-Ask Spread," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 8(4), pages 1153-1183.
    33. Eckbo, B. Espen & Masulis, Ronald W. & Norli, Oyvind, 2000. "Seasoned public offerings: resolution of the 'new issues puzzle'," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 251-291, May.
    34. Laurence Booth & Bin Chang, 2011. "Information Asymmetry, Dividend Status, And Seo Announcement‐Day Returns," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 34(1), pages 155-177, March.
    35. Chaudhuri, Ranadeb & Seo, Hoontaek, 2012. "An agency theory explanation of SEO underperformance: Evidence from dual-class firms," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 575-588.
    36. Thomas J. Chemmanur & Imants Paeglis & Karen Simonyan, 2010. "Management Quality and Equity Issue Characteristics: A Comparison of SEOs and IPOs," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(4), pages 1601-1642, December.
    37. Sudip Datta & Mai Iskandar-Datta & Kartik Raman, 2005. "Executive Compensation Structure and Corporate Equity Financing Decisions," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(5), pages 1859-1890, September.
    38. Chemmanur, Thomas J. & He, Shan & Hu, Gang, 2009. "The role of institutional investors in seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(3), pages 384-411, December.
    39. Teoh, Siew Hong & Welch, Ivo & Wong, T. J., 1998. "Earnings management and the underperformance of seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 63-99, October.
    40. Huang, Rongbing & Zhang, Donghang, 2011. "Managing Underwriters and the Marketing of Seasoned Equity Offerings," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(1), pages 141-170, February.
    41. Joel Hasbrouck, 2009. "Trading Costs and Returns for U.S. Equities: Estimating Effective Costs from Daily Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(3), pages 1445-1477, June.
    42. Gao, Xiaohui & Ritter, Jay R., 2010. "The marketing of seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 33-52, July.
    43. Goyenko, Ruslan Y. & Holden, Craig W. & Trzcinka, Charles A., 2009. "Do liquidity measures measure liquidity?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 153-181, May.
    44. Lee, Hei Wai, 1997. "Post offering earnings performance of firms that issue seasoned equity: The role of growth opportunities," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 97-114.
    45. Murray Carlson & Adlai Fisher & Ron Giammarino, 2006. "Corporate Investment and Asset Price Dynamics: Implications for SEO Event Studies and Long‐Run Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(3), pages 1009-1034, June.
    46. Altinkilic, Oya & Hansen, Robert S., 2003. "Discounting and underpricing in seasoned equity offers," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 285-323, August.
    47. Vincent J. Intintoli & Kathleen M. Kahle, 2010. "Seasoned Equity Offers: The Effect of Insider Ownership and Float," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(4), pages 1575-1599, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Feng, Zhi-Yuan & Chen, Carl R. & Tseng, Yen-Jung, 2018. "Do capital markets value corporate social responsibility? Evidence from seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 54-74.
    2. Han-Ching Huang & Hsiu-Hsin Chiu, 2017. "Insider Trading and the Classification of Seasoned Equity Offerings: Evidence from Taiwan," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(5), pages 58-70, May.
    3. Kang, Moonsoo & Khaksari, S. & Nam, Kiseok, 2018. "Corporate investment, short-term return reversal, and stock liquidity," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 68-83.
    4. Yung-Ching Tseng & Wo-Chiang Lee, 2016. "Investor Sentiment and ETF Liquidity - Evidence from Asia Markets," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 6(1), pages 1-5.
    5. He Xiao & Jianqun Xi, 2021. "The impact of COVID‐19 on seasoned equity offering: Evidence from China," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 539-572, October.
    6. Labidi, Manel & Gajewski, Jean François, 2019. "Does increased disclosure of intangible assets enhance liquidity around new equity offerings?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 426-437.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lin, Ji-Chai & Wu, YiLin, 2013. "SEO timing and liquidity risk," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 95-118.
    2. Bilinski, Pawel & Liu, Weimin & Strong, Norman, 2012. "Does liquidity risk explain low firm performance following seasoned equity offerings?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 2770-2785.
    3. Huang, Chia-Wei & Ho, Po-Hsin & Lin, Chih-Yung & Yen, Ju-Fang, 2014. "Firm age, idiosyncratic risk, and long-run SEO underperformance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 246-266.
    4. Craig W. Holden & Stacey Jacobsen & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2014. "The Empirical Analysis of Liquidity," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 8(4), pages 263-365, December.
    5. Andres, Christian & Cumming, Douglas & Karabiber, Timur & Schweizer, Denis, 2014. "Do markets anticipate capital structure decisions? — Feedback effects in equity liquidity," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 133-156.
    6. Dionysia Dionysiou, 2015. "Choosing Among Alternative Long-Run Event-Study Techniques," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 158-198, February.
    7. Mark D. Walker & Qingqing Wu, 2019. "Equity issues when in distress," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 25(3), pages 489-519, June.
    8. Pawel Bilinski & Norman Strong, 2013. "Managers’ Private Information, Investor Underreaction and Long†Run SEO Performance," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 19(5), pages 956-990, November.
    9. Lan, Yueqin & Huang, Yong & Yan, Chao, 2021. "Investor sentiment and stock price: Empirical evidence from Chinese SEOs," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 703-714.
    10. Autore, Don M. & Kovacs, Tunde, 2014. "Investor recognition and seasoned equity offers," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 216-233.
    11. Alexander Barinov, 2014. "Turnover: Liquidity or Uncertainty?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(10), pages 2478-2495, October.
    12. (Grace) Qing Hao, 2014. "Institutional Shareholder Investment Horizons and Seasoned Equity Offerings," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 43(1), pages 87-111, March.
    13. Kent Daniel & David Hirshleifer & Lin Sun, 2020. "Short- and Long-Horizon Behavioral Factors," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(4), pages 1673-1736.
    14. Hanselaar, Rogier M. & Stulz, René M. & van Dijk, Mathijs A., 2019. "Do firms issue more equity when markets become more liquid?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(1), pages 64-82.
    15. Nina Karnaukh & Angelo Ranaldo & Paul Söderlind, 2015. "Understanding FX Liquidity," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 28(11), pages 3073-3108.
    16. Hatem Mansali, 2009. "La gestion des résultats et les performances comptables à long terme des entreprises françaises émettrices d’actions," Revue Finance Contrôle Stratégie, revues.org, vol. 12(4), pages 39-83, December.
    17. Bayless, M. & Jay, N., 2008. "A multiperiod evaluation of returns following seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 60(4), pages 291-311.
    18. He Xiao & Jianqun Xi, 2021. "The impact of COVID‐19 on seasoned equity offering: Evidence from China," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 539-572, October.
    19. Don M. Autore & Jared R. DeLisle, 2016. "Skewness Preference and Seasoned Equity Offers," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(2), pages 200-238.
    20. Brisker, Eric R. & Autore, Don M. & Colak, Gonul & Peterson, David R., 2014. "Executive compensation structure and the motivations for seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 330-345.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Seasoned equity offerings (SEOs); SEO underpricing; Information asymmetry; Liquidity; Transaction cost;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finmar:v:20:y:2014:i:c:p:61-78. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/finmar .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.