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Short sales and trade classification algorithms

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  • Asquith, Paul
  • Oman, Rebecca
  • Safaya, Christopher

Abstract

This paper demonstrates that short sales are often misclassified as buyer-initiated by the Lee-Ready and other commonly used trade classification algorithms. This result is due in part to regulations which require that short sales be executed on an uptick or zero-uptick. In addition, while the literature considers "immediacy premiums" in determining trade direction, it ignores the often larger borrowing premiums that short sellers must pay. Since short sales constitute approximately 30% of all trade volume on U.S. exchanges, these results are important to the empirical market microstructure literature, as well as to measures that rely upon trade classification, such as the probability of informed trading (PIN) metric.

Suggested Citation

  • Asquith, Paul & Oman, Rebecca & Safaya, Christopher, 2010. "Short sales and trade classification algorithms," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 157-173, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finmar:v:13:y:2010:i:1:p:157-173
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Dimitrios Karyampas & Paola Paiardini, 2011. "Probability of Informed Trading and Volatility for an ETF," Birkbeck Working Papers in Economics and Finance 1101, Birkbeck, Department of Economics, Mathematics & Statistics.
    2. Hsin, Chin-Wen & Peng, Shu-Cing, 2023. "Investor propensity to speculate and price delay in emerging markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    3. Zeynep Cobandag Guloglu & Cumhur Ekinci, 2022. "Liquidity measurement: A comparative review of the literature with a focus on high frequency," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1), pages 41-74, February.
    4. Torben G. Andersen & Oleg Bondarenko, 2013. "Assessing Measures of Order Flow Toxicity via Perfect Trade Classification," CREATES Research Papers 2013-43, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    5. Xu Guo & Chunchi Wu, 2022. "Short Selling Activity and Effects on Financial Markets and Corporate Decisions," Springer Books, in: Cheng-Few Lee & Alice C. Lee (ed.), Encyclopedia of Finance, edition 0, chapter 98, pages 2313-2340, Springer.
    6. Dimitri Vayanos & Jiang Wang, 2012. "Market Liquidity -- Theory and Empirical Evidence," NBER Working Papers 18251, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Travis L. Johnson & Eric C. So, 2018. "A Simple Multimarket Measure of Information Asymmetry," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(3), pages 1055-1080, March.
    8. Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah & Ray, Sugata, 2014. "Informational linkages between dark and lit trading venues," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 230-261.
    9. Allen Carrion & Madhuparna Kolay, 2020. "Trade signing in fast markets," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 385-404, August.
    10. Glenn Kit Foong Ho & Sirimon Treepongkaruna & Marvin Wee & Chaiyuth Padungsaksawasdi, 2022. "The effect of short selling on volatility and jumps," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 47(1), pages 34-52, February.
    11. Blau, Benjamin M. & Brough, Tyler J., 2012. "Short sales, stealth trading, and the suspension of the uptick rule," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 38-48.
    12. Torben G. Andersen & Oleg Bondarenko, 2015. "Assessing Measures of Order Flow Toxicity and Early Warning Signals for Market Turbulence," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 19(1), pages 1-54.
    13. Duarte-Silva, Tiago, 2010. "The market for certification by external parties: Evidence from underwriting and banking relationships," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(3), pages 568-582, December.
    14. Chung, Dennis Y. & Hrazdil, Karel & Trottier, Kim, 2015. "On the efficiency of intra-industry information transfers: The dilution of the overreaction anomaly," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 153-167.
    15. Mark Fedenia & Tavy Ronen & Seunghan Nam, 2024. "Machine learning and trade direction classification: insights from the corporate bond market," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 1-36, July.
    16. Asquith, Paul & Au, Andrea S. & Covert, Thomas & Pathak, Parag A., 2013. "The market for borrowing corporate bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(1), pages 155-182.
    17. Chanaka Edirisinghe & Jaehwan Jeong, 2022. "Mean–Variance Portfolio Efficiency under Leverage Aversion and Trading Impact," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, February.
    18. Vayanos, Dimitri & Wang, Jiang, 2013. "Market Liquidity—Theory and Empirical Evidence ," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1289-1361, Elsevier.
    19. Aktas, Osman Ulas & Kryzanowski, Lawrence, 2014. "Market impacts of trades for stocks listed on the Borsa Istanbul," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 152-175.
    20. Kelley Bergsma & Jitendra Tayal, 2019. "Short Interest and Lottery Stocks," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 48(1), pages 187-227, March.
    21. Maraachlian, Hilda & Rourke, Thomas, 2014. "Delta and vega exposure trading in stock and option markets," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 96-125.
    22. Aktas, Osman Ulas & Kryzanowski, Lawrence, 2014. "Trade classification accuracy for the BIST," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 259-282.

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