IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finlet/v56y2023ics1544612323004257.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A semi-parametric analysis of the cash flow sensitivity of cash

Author

Listed:
  • Kadzima, Marvelous
  • Machokoto, Michael

Abstract

Using a semi-parametric approach that allows for a flexible functional form and a large firm-level international dataset, we re-examine the contentious issue of whether the cash flow sensitivity of cash is positive or negative. Our findings suggest that the cash flow sensitivity of cash is negative at lower levels of cash flow and positive at higher levels, which could explain the mixed results in the literature. Additionally, we find that the cash flow sensitivity of cash varies based on different levels of cash flow, across time, and among developing and developed countries for estimates based on non-parametric methods. Our findings contradict those based on parametric methods that assume a linear functional form and suggest no significant asymmetries in the cash flow sensitivity of cash.

Suggested Citation

  • Kadzima, Marvelous & Machokoto, Michael, 2023. "A semi-parametric analysis of the cash flow sensitivity of cash," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:56:y:2023:i:c:s1544612323004257
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2023.104053
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612323004257
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104053?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Machokoto, Michael & Tanveer, Umair & Ishaq, Shamaila & Areneke, Geofry, 2021. "Decreasing investment-cash flow sensitivity: Further UK evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    2. Chen, Shimin & Cronqvist, Henrik & Ni, Serene & Zhang, Frank, 2017. "Languages and corporate savings behavior," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 320-341.
    3. Timothy Erickson & Toni M. Whited, 2000. "Measurement Error and the Relationship between Investment and q," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 108(5), pages 1027-1057, October.
    4. Badi H. Baltagi & Dong Li, 2002. "Series Estimation of Partially Linear Panel Data Models with Fixed Effects," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 3(1), pages 103-116, May.
    5. Chang'an Wang & Junqian Wu & Jianqing Ruan & Xiaoqian Liu, 2022. "Language differences, cultural identity, and innovation," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(4), pages 1716-1736, December.
    6. Leigh A. Riddick & Toni M. Whited, 2009. "The Corporate Propensity to Save," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(4), pages 1729-1766, August.
    7. Heitor Almeida & Murillo Campello, 2007. "Financial Constraints, Asset Tangibility, and Corporate Investment," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(5), pages 1429-1460, 2007 12.
    8. Chi, Jianxin Daniel & Su, Xunhua & Tang, Yun & Xu, Bin, 2020. "Is language an economic institution? Evidence from R&D investment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    9. Khurana, Inder K. & Martin, Xiumin & Pereira, Raynolde, 2006. "Financial Development and the Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 41(4), pages 787-808, December.
    10. repec:bla:jfinan:v:59:y:2004:i:4:p:1777-1804 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Erickson, Timothy & Whited, Toni M., 2002. "Two-Step Gmm Estimation Of The Errors-In-Variables Model Using High-Order Moments," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(3), pages 776-799, June.
    12. Chen, Huafeng (Jason) & Chen, Shaojun (Jenny), 2012. "Investment-cash flow sensitivity cannot be a good measure of financial constraints: Evidence from the time series," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 393-410.
    13. Machokoto, Michael & Chipeta, Chimwemwe & Aftab, Nadeem & Areneke, Geofry, 2021. "The financial conservatism of firms in emerging economies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    14. McLean, R. David & Zhao, Mengxin, 2018. "Cash savings and capital markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 49-64.
    15. Li, Kai & Griffin, Dale & Yue, Heng & Zhao, Longkai, 2013. "How does culture influence corporate risk-taking?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 1-22.
    16. Moshirian, Fariborz & Nanda, Vikram & Vadilyev, Alexander & Zhang, Bohui, 2017. "What drives investment–cash flow sensitivity around the World? An asset tangibility Perspective," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1-17.
    17. Bao, Dichu & Chan, Kam C. & Zhang, Weining, 2012. "Asymmetric cash flow sensitivity of cash holdings," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 690-700.
    18. Vadilyev, Alexander A., 2020. "Firms from Financially Developed Economies Do Not Save Less," Critical Finance Review, now publishers, vol. 9(1-2), pages 305-351, June.
    19. Kim, Jaehyeon & Kim, Yongtae & Zhou, Jian, 2017. "Languages and earnings management," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 288-306.
    20. Borri, Karine T. & Martins-Filho, Carlos & Kalatzis, Aquiles E.G., 2022. "Exploring nonlinearities between investment and internal funds: Evidence of the U-shaped investment curve," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    21. Fama, Eugene F & MacBeth, James D, 1973. "Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 607-636, May-June.
    22. Dongmin Kong & Jialong Wang & Yanan Wang & Jian Zhang, 2022. "Language and innovation," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(1-2), pages 297-326, January.
    23. Grullon, Gustavo & Hund, John & Weston, James P., 2018. "Concentrating on q and cash flow," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 1-15.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michael Machokoto, 2021. "Do financial constraints really matter? A case of understudied African firms," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 4670-4705, July.
    2. Machokoto, Michael & Areneke, Geofry, 2021. "Is the cash flow sensitivity of cash asymmetric? African evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    3. Caglayan, Mustafa & Machokoto, Michael, 2024. "The sensitivity of investment to internal and external funds: New emerging market evidence," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
    4. Aydin Ozkan & Roberto J. Santillán‐Salgado & Yilmaz Yildiz & María del Rocío Vega Zavala, 2020. "What Happened To The Willingness Of Companies To Invest After The Financial Crisis? Evidence From Latin American Countries," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 43(2), pages 231-262, May.
    5. Machokoto, Michael & Areneke, Geofry, 2020. "Does innovation and financial constraints affect the propensity to save in emerging markets?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    6. Sai Ding & Minjoo Kim & Xiao Zhang, 2021. "New Insight on Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity," Working Papers 2021_16, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow.
    7. Timothy Erickson & Toni M. Whited, 2012. "Treating Measurement Error in Tobin's q," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(4), pages 1286-1329.
    8. Moshirian, Fariborz & Nanda, Vikram & Vadilyev, Alexander & Zhang, Bohui, 2017. "What drives investment–cash flow sensitivity around the World? An asset tangibility Perspective," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1-17.
    9. Weiping Hu & Xiao Zhang & Ye He, 2024. "Cash flow sensitivity of cash: when should we use it to measure financial constraints?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 637-682, February.
    10. Machokoto, Michael & Tanveer, Umair & Ishaq, Shamaila & Areneke, Geofry, 2021. "Decreasing investment-cash flow sensitivity: Further UK evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    11. Mauricio Jara‐Bertín & Cristian Pinto‐Gutiérrez & Carlos Pombo, 2021. "The effect of intra‐group loans on the cash flow sensitivity of cash: Evidence from Chile," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 21(2), pages 374-403, June.
    12. Kadzima, Marvelous & Machokoto, Michael & Lemma, Tesfaye T., 2024. "From words to finances: Unraveling the negative net debt-languages nexus," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    13. Andrea Mercatanti & Taneli Mäkinen & Andrea Silvestrini, 2017. "Investment decisions by European firms and financing constraints," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1148, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    14. Lozano, M. Belén & Yaman, Serhat, 2020. "The determinants of cash flow sensitivity of cash: The family ownership effect," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    15. Peters, Ryan H. & Taylor, Lucian A., 2017. "Intangible capital and the investment-q relation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(2), pages 251-272.
    16. Gang, Cuiui & Li, Juanwei & Hu, Haiqing & Wei, Wei, 2023. "Dynamic co-movement between economic growth and language: A new perspective of technological progress," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 705-721.
    17. Christopher F Baum & Mustafa Caglayan & Oleksandr Talavera, 2010. "Corporate Liquidity Management and Future Investment Expenditures," University of East Anglia Applied and Financial Economics Working Paper Series 001, School of Economics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    18. Christopher F. Baum & Mustafa Caglayan & Oleksandr Talavera, 2013. "The Effects of Future Capital Investment and R&D Expenditures on Firms' Liquidity," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(3), pages 459-474, August.
    19. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Chih-Wei & Thinh, Bui Tien, 2023. "Green development, climate risks, and cash flow: International evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    20. Wang, Mengying, 2017. "Does foreign direct investment affect host-country firms' financial constraints?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 522-539.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial constraints; Institutions; Semi-parametric; Developing countries; Panel data; Cash flow sensitivity of cash;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:56:y:2023:i:c:s1544612323004257. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/frl .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.