IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finlet/v47y2022ipas1544612321005316.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A risky affair: Dual class and FX hedging

Author

Listed:
  • Sah, Nilesh B.
  • Banerjee, Anandi
  • Malm, James
  • More, Deepak G.

Abstract

We highlight the risk management activities of dual class firms by focusing on their use of foreign exchange (FX) derivatives. As opposed to single class firms, dual class firms engage in lower levels of FX hedging activities which may be driven by their long-term orientation and insulation from short-term market pressures. Furthermore, we document that these firms have a stronger reluctance to using futures contracts for FX hedging due to their preference for opacity and hesitancy to divert resources away from their long-term goals. Overall, we underscore the influence of a firm's share structure on its FX hedging decisions.

Suggested Citation

  • Sah, Nilesh B. & Banerjee, Anandi & Malm, James & More, Deepak G., 2022. "A risky affair: Dual class and FX hedging," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:47:y:2022:i:pa:s1544612321005316
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2021.102580
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612321005316
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102580?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stein, Jeremy C, 1988. "Takeover Threats and Managerial Myopia," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 96(1), pages 61-80, February.
    2. Stijn Claessens & Simeon Djankov & Joseph P. H. Fan & Larry H. P. Lang, 2002. "Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholdings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(6), pages 2741-2771, December.
    3. Stulz, René M., 1984. "Optimal Hedging Policies," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 19(2), pages 127-140, June.
    4. Hoberg, Gerard & Moon, S. Katie, 2017. "Offshore activities and financial vs operational hedging," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(2), pages 217-244.
    5. Paul A. Gompers & Joy Ishii & Andrew Metrick, 2010. "Extreme Governance: An Analysis of Dual-Class Firms in the United States," NBER Chapters, in: Corporate Governance, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Kim, Young Sang & Mathur, Ike & Nam, Jouahn, 2006. "Is operational hedging a substitute for or a complement to financial hedging?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 834-853, September.
    7. Anderson, Ronald C. & Duru, Augustine & Reeb, David M., 2009. "Founders, heirs, and corporate opacity in the United States," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 205-222, May.
    8. Bebchuk, Lucian A. & Cohen, Alma, 2005. "The costs of entrenched boards," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(2), pages 409-433, November.
    9. Amrit Judge, 2006. "The Determinants of Foreign Currency Hedging by U.K. Non-Financial Firms," Multinational Finance Journal, Multinational Finance Journal, vol. 10(1-2), pages 1-41, March-Jun.
    10. Benos, Evangelos & Payne, Richard & Vasios, Michalis, 2020. "Centralized Trading, Transparency, and Interest Rate Swap Market Liquidity: Evidence from the Implementation of the Dodd–Frank Act," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 55(1), pages 159-192, February.
    11. John R. Graham & Daniel A. Rogers, 2002. "Do Firms Hedge in Response to Tax Incentives?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(2), pages 815-839, April.
    12. Jordan, Bradford D. & Kim, Soohyung & Liu, Mark H., 2016. "Growth opportunities, short-term market pressure, and dual-class share structure," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 304-328.
    13. Wong, MHF, 2000. "The Association between SFAS No. 119 derivatives disclosures and the foreign exchange risk exposure of manufacturing firms," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 387-417.
    14. Rajan, Raghuram G & Zingales, Luigi, 1995. "What Do We Know about Capital Structure? Some Evidence from International Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(5), pages 1421-1460, December.
    15. Cornell, Bradford & Reinganum, Marc R, 1981. "Forward and Futures Prices: Evidence from the Foreign Exchange Markets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(5), pages 1035-1045, December.
    16. Cont, Rama & Schaanning, Eric, 2019. "Monitoring indirect contagion," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 85-102.
    17. Froot, Kenneth A & Scharfstein, David S & Stein, Jeremy C, 1993. "Risk Management: Coordinating Corporate Investment and Financing Policies," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1629-1658, December.
    18. Cox, John C. & Ingersoll, Jonathan Jr. & Ross, Stephen A., 1981. "The relation between forward prices and futures prices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 321-346, December.
    19. Cao, Xiaping & Leng, Tiecheng & Goh, Jeremy & Malatesta, Paul, 2020. "The innovation effect of dual-class shares: New evidence from US firms," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 347-357.
    20. Biais, Bruno & Gollier, Christian, 1997. "Trade Credit and Credit Rationing," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 903-937.
    21. Pajuste, Anete, 2005. "Determinants and consequences of the unification of dual-class shares," Working Paper Series 465, European Central Bank.
    22. Ronald W. Masulis & Cong Wang & Fei Xie, 2009. "Agency Problems at Dual‐Class Companies," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(4), pages 1697-1727, August.
    23. René M. Stulz, 1996. "Rethinking Risk Management," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 9(3), pages 8-25, September.
    24. Malm, James & Adhikari, Hari P. & Krolikowski, Marcin W. & Sah, Nilesh B., 2021. "The old guard: CEO age and corporate litigation," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    25. Grinblatt, Mark & Jegadeesh, Narasimhan, 1996. "Relative Pricing of Eurodollar Features and Forward Contracts," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 51(4), pages 1499-1522, September.
    26. Rydqvist, Kristian, 1992. "Dual-Class Shares: A Review," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 8(3), pages 45-57, Autumn.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aunon-Nerin, Daniel & Ehling, Paul, 2008. "Why firms purchase property insurance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(3), pages 298-312, December.
    2. Berghöfer, Britta & Lucey, Brian, 2014. "Fuel hedging, operational hedging and risk exposure — Evidence from the global airline industry," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 124-139.
    3. Lel, Ugur, 2012. "Currency hedging and corporate governance: A cross-country analysis," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 221-237.
    4. Chansog Kim & Christos Pantzalis & Jung Chul Park, 2014. "Do Family Owners Use Firm Hedging Policy to Hedge Personal Undiversified Wealth Risk?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 43(2), pages 415-444, June.
    5. Chongwu Xia & Chuyi Yang & Lei Zhang, 2021. "The real effect of foreign exchange hedging on corporate innovation," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(12), pages 2046-2078, December.
    6. Hagelin, Niclas & Holmen, Martin & Pramborg, Bengt, 2006. "Family ownership, dual-class shares, and risk management," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 283-301, March.
    7. Sah, Nilesh B. & More, Deepak G., 2022. "Dual class firms and trade credit," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 46(PA).
    8. Shane Magee, 2013. "The effect of foreign currency hedging on the probability of financial distress," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 53(4), pages 1107-1127, December.
    9. Gao, Ning & Jiang, Wei & Jin, Jiaxu, 2023. "Disproportional control rights and debt maturity," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    10. Jiao Wang & Lima Zhao & Arnd Huchzermeier, 2021. "Operations‐Finance Interface in Risk Management: Research Evolution and Opportunities," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(2), pages 355-389, February.
    11. Bachiller, Patricia & Boubaker, Sabri & Mefteh-Wali, Salma, 2021. "Financial derivatives and firm value: What have we learned?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    12. Dionne, Georges & El Hraiki, Rayane & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2023. "Determinants and real effects of joint hedging: An empirical analysis of US oil and gas producers," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    13. Mohamed Mnasri & Georges Dionne & Jean-Pierre Gueyie, 2013. "The Maturity Structure of Corporate Hedging: the Case of the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry," Cahiers de recherche 1337, CIRPEE.
    14. Oliver Entrop & Matthias F. Merkel, 2020. "Managers’ research education, the use of FX derivatives and corporate speculation," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 869-901, August.
    15. Jiaqi Jiang & Yun Feng, 2021. "The interaction of risk management tools: Financial hedging, corporate diversification and liquidity," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2396-2413, April.
    16. Filippo Ippolito & Ali K. Ozdagli & Ander Pérez Orive, 2013. "Is bank debt special for the transmission of monetary policy? Evidence from the stock market," Economics Working Papers 1384, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    17. Mnasri, Mohamed & Dionne, Georges & Gueyie, Jean-Pierre, 2013. "How do firms hedge risks? Empirical evidence from U.S. oil and gas producers," Working Papers 13-3, HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management.
    18. Oberoi, Jaideep, 2018. "Interest rate risk management and the mix of fixed and floating rate debt," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 70-86.
    19. Markus Hang & Jerome Geyer‐Klingeberg & Andreas W. Rathgeber & Stefan Stöckl, 2021. "Rather complements than substitutes: Firm value effects of capital structure and financial hedging decisions," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 4895-4917, October.
    20. Marcello Spanò, 2013. "Theoretical explanations of corporate hedging," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 3(7), pages 84-102, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Dual class; Risk management; Foreign exchange hedging;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:47:y:2022:i:pa:s1544612321005316. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/frl .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.