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Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst

Author

Listed:
  • Islam, Aminul
  • Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin
  • Ravindra, Pogaku
  • Teo, Siow Hwa
  • Sivasangar, S.
  • Chan, Eng-Seng

Abstract

The use of spherical millimetric gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) as a catalyst support for the production of biodiesel from palm oil was demonstrated. The catalyst support was produced using dripping method, and KI catalyst was loaded on the support using impregnation method. The highest FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) yield of 98% was obtained when the reaction was carried out under the conditions of catalyst to oil ratio of 0.6 g (4wt.%, gcat./goil) using 0.24gKI/gγ-Al2O3 of catalyst loading, reaction time of 4 h, temperature of 60 °C and methanol to palm oil molar ratio of 14:1. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis showed the formation of K2O and KAlO2 phases on the KI/γ-Al2O3 catalyst which were possibly the active sites for the transesterification reaction. The highest number and strength of basic sites generated from the solid phase reaction of the KI/γ-Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 0.24 g kF/g γ-Al2O3 were confirmed by temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD) analysis. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms was revealed a mesoporous structure of the catalysts. The leaching of potassium species in reused catalysts was observed, as verified by XRF (X-ray fluorescence). KI/γ-Al2O3 had a long life time and maintained sustained activity even after being repeatedly used for 11 cycles. The biodiesel yield was comparable to that produced from smaller catalysts. Thus, the catalyst could be potential for industrial use, as they can be handled safely, easily separated from the process fluid and used in fixed bed reactor to minimize pressure drop.

Suggested Citation

  • Islam, Aminul & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin & Ravindra, Pogaku & Teo, Siow Hwa & Sivasangar, S. & Chan, Eng-Seng, 2015. "Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 965-973.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:89:y:2015:i:c:p:965-973
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.036
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Long, Feng & Liu, Weiguo & Jiang, Xia & Zhai, Qiaolong & Cao, Xincheng & Jiang, Jianchun & Xu, Junming, 2021. "State-of-the-art technologies for biofuel production from triglycerides: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    2. Essamlali, Younes & Amadine, Othmane & Fihri, Aziz & Zahouily, Mohamed, 2019. "Sodium modified fluorapatite as a sustainable solid bi-functional catalyst for biodiesel production from rapeseed oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1295-1307.
    3. Aminul Islam & Mohammad Tofayal Ahmed & Md Alam Hossain Mondal & Md. Rabiul Awual & Minhaj Uddin Monir & Kamrul Islam, 2021. "A snapshot of coal‐fired power generation in Bangladesh: A demand–supply outlook," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(2), pages 157-182, May.
    4. Singh, Himmat & Ali, Amjad, 2023. "Esterification as well as transesterification of waste oil using potassium imbued tungstophosphoric acid supported graphene oxide as heterogeneous catalyst: Optimization and kinetic modeling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 422-435.
    5. da Costa Evangelista, João Paulo & Gondim, Amanda Duarte & Souza, Luiz Di & Araujo, Antonio Souza, 2016. "Alumina-supported potassium compounds as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 887-894.
    6. Wang, Shuxiao & Shan, Rui & Wang, Yazhuo & Lu, Lili & Yuan, Haoran, 2019. "Synthesis of calcium materials in biochar matrix as a highly stable catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 41-49.
    7. Yang, Ren-Xuan & Wu, Shan-Luo & Chuang, Kui-Hao & Wey, Ming-Yen, 2020. "Co-production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from waste plastic gasification in a two-stage fluidized catalytic bed," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 10-22.
    8. Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. Mofijur & A.S. Silitonga & D. Gumilang & Fitranto Kusumo & T.M.I. Mahlia, 2020. "Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.

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