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Theoretical investigation of the system SnOx/Sn for the thermochemical storage of solar energy

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  • Forster, Martin

Abstract

The thermodynamic data of the system SnO2/SnO/Sn in the absence and presence of CH4 and C are calculated as a function of temperature. The direct dissociation of SnOx without any reducing substances needs temperatures T>2000 K at 1 bar. In the presence of CH4 or C, SnOx can be reduced at T<1250 K. The production of H2 from Sn, SnO and H2O is investigated. A real overall solar yield ηreal is defined which compares the output of real fuel cells, fed by solar-produced chemicals, with the total solar input necessary to produce these chemicals. ηreal is then used to find the most promising thermochemical reaction of the system SnO2/SnO/Sn+C/CH4. The optimal reaction is SnO2+2CH4↔Sn+2CO+4H2, proceeding at 980 K (ΔrG=−60 kJ), which is followed by Sn+2H2O↔SnO2+2H2. CO and H2 are then fed to fuel cells producing electricity with ηreal=0.23. The amount of solar upgrading of the fossil fuels CH4 and C is given. A combination of solar reactor, heat recovery device and a following reactor to produce H2 is proposed. The dimension, volume and mass flow of the solar reactor are calculated and the amount of simultaneously produced electricity is given.

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  • Forster, Martin, 2004. "Theoretical investigation of the system SnOx/Sn for the thermochemical storage of solar energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 789-799.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:29:y:2004:i:5:p:789-799
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00185-3
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    1. Kodama, T. & Miura, S. & Shimizu, T. & Kitayama, Y., 1997. "Thermochemical conversion of coal and water to CO and H2 by a two-step redox cycle of ferrite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(11), pages 1019-1027.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luo, Ming & Yi, Yang & Wang, Shuzhong & Wang, Zhuliang & Du, Min & Pan, Jianfeng & Wang, Qian, 2018. "Review of hydrogen production using chemical-looping technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 3186-3214.
    2. Pelay, Ugo & Luo, Lingai & Fan, Yilin & Stitou, Driss & Rood, Mark, 2017. "Thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 82-100.
    3. Liu, Yiyuan & Zhu, Qunzhi & Zhang, Tao & Yan, Xuefeng & Duan, Rui, 2020. "Analysis of chemical-looping hydrogen production and power generation system driven by solar energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 863-874.
    4. Zhang, Haotian & Sun, Zhuxing & Hu, Yun Hang, 2021. "Steam reforming of methane: Current states of catalyst design and process upgrading," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    5. Yan, T. & Wang, R.Z. & Li, T.X. & Wang, L.W. & Fred, Ishugah T., 2015. "A review of promising candidate reactions for chemical heat storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 13-31.
    6. Zhao, Kun & He, Fang & Huang, Zhen & Wei, Guoqiang & Zheng, Anqing & Li, Haibin & Zhao, Zengli, 2016. "Perovskite-type oxides LaFe1−xCoxO3 for chemical looping steam methane reforming to syngas and hydrogen co-production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 193-203.

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