IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v288y2024ics0360544223030736.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Life-cycle-based multi-objective optimal design and analysis of distributed multi-energy systems for data centers

Author

Listed:
  • Ren, Xiaoxiao
  • Han, Zijun
  • Ma, Jinpeng
  • Xue, Kai
  • Chong, Daotong
  • Wang, Jinshi
  • Yan, Junjie

Abstract

The widespread deployment of data centers has contributed to a dramatic increase in energy consumption and carbon emissions. To solve this problem, this study proposes a distributed multi-energy system (DMES) driven by solar, wind, geothermal and natural gas and its life-cycle-based multi-objective optimization model considered energy, economy, and environment. Moreover, a novel operation strategy based on load characteristics is presented for energy flow allocation and a multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm is improved for model solving. Case studies are conducted on a practical data center in Qinghai, China. Based on the DMES capacity configuration and scheduling results, the cooling, heating and power supply can satisfy the demand of the data center while generating over 30% of the power from renewable sources. In addition, carbon tax is considered in the optimization model, which accounts for 4% of the life-cycle cost. Furthermore, the sensitivity of carbon tax, equipment lifespan and predicted mean vote is analyzed, obtaining that these factors have some influence on the performance of the system. Finally, the uncertainty impact on system planning is studied, concluding that the designed system exhibits high robustness levels when renewable energy forecast error is less than 20% or load forecast error is less than 10%.

Suggested Citation

  • Ren, Xiaoxiao & Han, Zijun & Ma, Jinpeng & Xue, Kai & Chong, Daotong & Wang, Jinshi & Yan, Junjie, 2024. "Life-cycle-based multi-objective optimal design and analysis of distributed multi-energy systems for data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:288:y:2024:i:c:s0360544223030736
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.129679
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544223030736
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2023.129679?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ghaemi, Zahra & Tran, Thomas T.D. & Smith, Amanda D., 2022. "Comparing classical and metaheuristic methods to optimize multi-objective operation planning of district energy systems considering uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    2. Wu, Di & Han, Zhonghe & Liu, Zhijian & Li, Peng & Ma, Fanfan & Zhang, Han & Yin, Yunxing & Yang, Xinyan, 2021. "Comparative study of optimization method and optimal operation strategy for multi-scenario integrated energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    3. Yang, Yun & Zhang, Shijie & Xiao, Yunhan, 2015. "An MILP (mixed integer linear programming) model for optimal design of district-scale distributed energy resource systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1901-1915.
    4. Kavvadias, K.C. & Maroulis, Z.B., 2010. "Multi-objective optimization of a trigeneration plant," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 945-954, February.
    5. Ebrahimi, Khosrow & Jones, Gerard F. & Fleischer, Amy S., 2015. "Thermo-economic analysis of steady state waste heat recovery in data centers using absorption refrigeration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 384-397.
    6. Zhu, Xingyi & Zhan, Xiangyan & Liang, Hao & Zheng, Xuyue & Qiu, Yuwei & Lin, Jian & Chen, Jincan & Meng, Chao & Zhao, Yingru, 2020. "The optimal design and operation strategy of renewable energy-CCHP coupled system applied in five building objects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2700-2715.
    7. Li, Li & Wang, Jing & Zhong, Xiaoyi & Lin, Jian & Wu, Nianyuan & Zhang, Zhihui & Meng, Chao & Wang, Xiaonan & Shah, Nilay & Brandon, Nigel & Xie, Shan & Zhao, Yingru, 2022. "Combined multi-objective optimization and agent-based modeling for a 100% renewable island energy system considering power-to-gas technology and extreme weather conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    8. Arcuri, P. & Beraldi, P. & Florio, G. & Fragiacomo, P., 2015. "Optimal design of a small size trigeneration plant in civil users: A MINLP (Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming Model)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 628-641.
    9. Li, Longxi & Yu, Shiwei & Mu, Hailin & Li, Huanan, 2018. "Optimization and evaluation of CCHP systems considering incentive policies under different operation strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 825-840.
    10. Hu, Xiao & Zhang, Heng & Chen, Dongwen & Li, Yong & Wang, Li & Zhang, Feng & Cheng, Haozhong, 2020. "Multi-objective planning for integrated energy systems considering both exergy efficiency and economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    11. Harkouss, Fatima & Fardoun, Farouk & Biwole, Pascal Henry, 2019. "Optimal design of renewable energy solution sets for net zero energy buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1155-1175.
    12. Guozheng Li & Rui Wang & Tao Zhang & Mengjun Ming, 2018. "Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Renewable Energy Integrated CCHP System Using PICEA-g," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-26, March.
    13. Bahlawan, Hilal & Morini, Mirko & Pinelli, Michele & Poganietz, Witold-Roger & Spina, Pier Ruggero & Venturini, Mauro, 2019. "Optimization of a hybrid energy plant by integrating the cumulative energy demand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    14. Li, Miao & Mu, Hailin & Li, Nan & Ma, Baoyu, 2016. "Optimal design and operation strategy for integrated evaluation of CCHP (combined cooling heating and power) system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 202-220.
    15. Wang, Yongli & Ma, Yuze & Song, Fuhao & Ma, Yang & Qi, Chengyuan & Huang, Feifei & Xing, Juntai & Zhang, Fuwei, 2020. "Economic and efficient multi-objective operation optimization of integrated energy system considering electro-thermal demand response," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    16. Ondeck, Abigail D. & Edgar, Thomas F. & Baldea, Michael, 2015. "Optimal operation of a residential district-level combined photovoltaic/natural gas power and cooling system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 593-606.
    17. Azaza, Maher & Wallin, Fredrik, 2017. "Multi objective particle swarm optimization of hybrid micro-grid system: A case study in Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 108-118.
    18. Wouters, Carmen & Fraga, Eric S. & James, Adrian M., 2015. "An energy integrated, multi-microgrid, MILP (mixed-integer linear programming) approach for residential distributed energy system planning – A South Australian case-study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 30-44.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Zenghui & Zhou, Kaile & Yang, Shanlin, 2024. "A post-disaster load supply restoration model for urban integrated energy systems based on multi-energy coordination," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Nan & Zhao, Xunwen & Shi, Xunpeng & Pei, Zhenwei & Mu, Hailin & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2021. "Integrated energy systems with CCHP and hydrogen supply: A new outlet for curtailed wind power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    2. Wang, Meng & Yu, Hang & Yang, Yikun & Lin, Xiaoyu & Guo, Haijin & Li, Chaoen & Zhou, Yue & Jing, Rui, 2021. "Unlocking emerging impacts of carbon tax on integrated energy systems through supply and demand co-optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    3. Li, Yanbin & Zhang, Feng & Li, Yun & Wang, Yuwei, 2021. "An improved two-stage robust optimization model for CCHP-P2G microgrid system considering multi-energy operation under wind power outputs uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    4. Ren, Fukang & Wei, Ziqing & Zhai, Xiaoqiang, 2021. "Multi-objective optimization and evaluation of hybrid CCHP systems for different building types," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    5. Yan, Rujing & Wang, Jiangjiang & Wang, Jiahao & Tian, Lei & Tang, Saiqiu & Wang, Yuwei & Zhang, Jing & Cheng, Youliang & Li, Yuan, 2022. "A two-stage stochastic-robust optimization for a hybrid renewable energy CCHP system considering multiple scenario-interval uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    6. Wang, Shouxiang & Wang, Shaomin & Zhao, Qianyu & Dong, Shuai & Li, Hao, 2023. "Optimal dispatch of integrated energy station considering carbon capture and hydrogen demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Zhang, Youjun & Hao, Junhong & Ge, Zhihua & Zhang, Fuxiang & Du, Xiaoze, 2021. "Optimal clean heating mode of the integrated electricity and heat energy system considering the comprehensive energy-carbon price," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    8. Mohammadi, Mohammad & Noorollahi, Younes & Mohammadi-ivatloo, Behnam & Yousefi, Hossein, 2017. "Energy hub: From a model to a concept – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1512-1527.
    9. Ding, Jianyong & Gao, Ciwei & Song, Meng & Yan, Xingyu & Chen, Tao, 2022. "Bi-level optimal scheduling of virtual energy station based on equal exergy replacement mechanism," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    10. Das, Barun K. & Al-Abdeli, Yasir M. & Kothapalli, Ganesh, 2021. "Integrating renewables into stand-alone hybrid systems meeting electric, heating, and cooling loads: A case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1222-1236.
    11. Kang, Ligai & Wu, Xiaojing & Yuan, Xiaoxue & Ma, Kunru & Wang, Yongzhen & Zhao, Jun & An, Qingsong, 2021. "Influence analysis of energy policies on comprehensive performance of CCHP system in different buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    12. Zhou, Shengdong & Bai, Zhang & Li, Qi & Yuan, Yu & Wang, Shuoshuo, 2024. "Potential of applying the thermochemical recuperation in combined cooling, heating and power generation: Optimized recuperation regulation with syngas storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    13. Mongibello, Luigi & Bianco, Nicola & Caliano, Martina & Graditi, Giorgio, 2016. "Comparison between two different operation strategies for a heat-driven residential natural gas-fired CHP system: Heat dumping vs. load partialization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 55-67.
    14. Yokoyama, Ryohei & Shinano, Yuji & Taniguchi, Syusuke & Wakui, Tetsuya, 2019. "Search for K-best solutions in optimal design of energy supply systems by an extended MILP hierarchical branch and bound method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 45-57.
    15. Yang, Yiping & Huang, Yulei & Jiang, Peixue & Zhu, Yinhai, 2020. "Multi-objective optimization of combined cooling, heating, and power systems with supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    16. Afzali, Sayyed Faridoddin & Cotton, James S. & Mahalec, Vladimir, 2020. "Urban community energy systems design under uncertainty for specified levels of carbon dioxide emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    17. Bohlayer, Markus & Zöttl, Gregor, 2018. "Low-grade waste heat integration in distributed energy generation systems - An economic optimization approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 327-343.
    18. Lasemi, Mohammad Ali & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Hajizadeh, Amin & Mohammadi-ivatloo, Behnam, 2022. "A comprehensive review on optimization challenges of smart energy hubs under uncertainty factors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    19. Chen, Shuhang & Liu, Dongli & Li, Sizhuo & Gan, Zhihua & Qiu, Min, 2022. "Multi-objective thermo-economic optimization of Collins cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    20. Calise, Francesco & de Notaristefani di Vastogirardi, Giulio & Dentice d'Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2018. "Simulation of polygeneration systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 290-337.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:288:y:2024:i:c:s0360544223030736. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.