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Changes of pore structures and permeability of the Chang 73 medium-to-low maturity shale during in-situ heating treatment

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  • Wei, Zijian
  • Sheng, J.J.

Abstract

To evaluate the thermally induced permeability enhancement potential and stress sensitivity during in-situ heating (ISH), real-time measurement of pulse-decay gas permeability (PDP) of medium-to-low maturity shale cores from Chang 73 sub-member shale oil reservoir was carried out in our self-developed high-temperature pseudo-triaxial core holder at different temperatures and effective stresses. Stereo light microscope (SLM), computerized tomography (CT) scan, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests were conducted to quantitatively characterize the microstructure development in the shale cores. Based on the lithology and thermal analysis, the primary mechanisms of thermal cracking, nanopores evolution, and physical property improvement were discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the porosity and permeability can be effectively increased to 3.13 times and 624.09 times on average above the threshold temperature of approximately 400 °C, but this also results in a stronger stress sensitivity of permeability up to 30.21%. Furthermore, the coverage, density, complexity, and connectivity of the fracture network can be dramatically improved. A large number of secondary nanopores with diameters in the range of 2–50 nm dominate. There is a good correlation between microstructure development and physical property variation. We found that the kerogen pyrolysis was the most critical mechanism for the significant enhancement in microstructure and physical property.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei, Zijian & Sheng, J.J., 2022. "Changes of pore structures and permeability of the Chang 73 medium-to-low maturity shale during in-situ heating treatment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:248:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222005126
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123609
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    1. Liu, Bo & Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza & Ma, Zhongliang & Bai, Longhui & Wang, Liu & Wen, Zhigang & Liu, Yan & Morta, Hem Bahadur & Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein & Ostadhassan, Mehdi, 2023. "Experimental investigation and intelligent modeling of pore structure changes in type III kerogen-rich shale artificially matured by hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    2. Pan, Bin & Yin, Xia & Yang, Zhengru & Ghanizadeh, Amin & Debuhr, Chris & Clarkson, Christopher R. & Gou, Feifei & Zhu, Weiyao & Ju, Yang & Iglauer, Stefan, 2024. "Real-time imaging of oil shale pyrolysis dynamics at nanoscale via environmental scanning electron microscopy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    3. Xu, WenLong & Yu, Hao & Micheal, Marembo & Huang, HanWei & Liu, He & Wu, HengAn, 2023. "An integrated model for fracture propagation and production performance of thermal enhanced shale gas recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    4. Cui, Ziang & Sun, Mengdi & Mohammadian, Erfan & Hu, Qinhong & Liu, Bo & Ostadhassan, Mehdi & Yang, Wuxing & Ke, Yubin & Mu, Jingfu & Ren, Zijie & Pan, Zhejun, 2024. "Characterizing microstructural evolutions in low-mature lacustrine shale: A comparative experimental study of conventional heat, microwave, and water-saturated microwave stimulations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    5. Huang, HanWei & Yu, Hao & Xu, WenLong & Lyu, ChengSi & Micheal, Marembo & Xu, HengYu & Liu, He & Wu, HengAn, 2023. "A coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical model for production performance of oil shale reservoirs during in-situ conversion process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    6. Liu, Bo & Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza & Ma, Zhongliang & Bai, Longhui & Wang, Liu & Xu, Yaohui & Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein & Ostadhassan, Mehdi, 2023. "Pore structure characterization of solvent extracted shale containing kerogen type III during artificial maturation: Experiments and tree-based machine learning modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    7. Huang, Xudong & Kang, Zhiqin & Zhao, Jing & Wang, Guoying & Zhang, Hongge & Yang, Dong, 2023. "Experimental investigation on micro-fracture evolution and fracture permeability of oil shale heated by water vapor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    8. Liu, Bo & Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza & Ma, Zhongliang & Bai, Longhui & Wang, Liu & Xu, Yaohui & Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein & Ostadhassan, Mehdi, 2023. "Pore structure evolution of Qingshankou shale (kerogen type I) during artificial maturation via hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis: Experimental study and intelligent modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    9. Wei, Jianguang & Fu, Lanqing & Zhao, Guozhong & Zhao, Xiaoqing & Liu, Xinrong & Wang, Anlun & Wang, Yan & Cao, Sheng & Jin, Yuhan & Yang, Fengrui & Liu, Tianyang & Yang, Ying, 2023. "Nuclear magnetic resonance study on imbibition and stress sensitivity of lamellar shale oil reservoir," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    10. Wang, Chao & Liu, Bo & Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza & Fu, Li & Fattahi, Elham & Motra, Hem Bahadur & Hazra, Bodhisatwa & Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein & Ostadhassan, Mehdi, 2024. "Integrating experimental study and intelligent modeling of pore evolution in the Bakken during simulated thermal progression for CO2 storage goals," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).

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