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Decentralized blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy-backed token trading for active prosumers

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  • Mehdinejad, Mehdi
  • Shayanfar, Heidarali
  • Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Behnam

Abstract

This paper designs and models a fully decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) energy token market for small-scale prosumers using blockchain technology in a smart grid environment in the presence of the demand response (DR) program and demurrage mechanism. As the market players, prosumers in the local distribution network are considered in two groups, producers (sellers) and consumers (buyers). Using smart contracts, all sellers and buyers in the proposed market can engage in bilateral energy token transactions (P2P) with each other under an agreed price and with the retail market at a certain price. Furthermore, the local consumers can participate in price-based DR programs and shift their consuming load to the periods with high local generation. Demurrage mechanism is applied to avoid energy token accumulation and enhance attraction for local transactions. With demurrage in place, the redemption value of energy-backed tokens reduces with time. A fully decentralized approach called the primal-dual sub-gradient method is developed to clear this fully decentralized energy market in the presence of DR programs and demurrage. The proposed market-clearing scheme guarantees the global and feasible solution without requiring the players' private information. Numerical studies demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed energy token market and the decentralized approach for its clearing.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehdinejad, Mehdi & Shayanfar, Heidarali & Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Behnam, 2022. "Decentralized blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy-backed token trading for active prosumers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:244:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221029625
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122713
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Hassan Khazaei & Hossein Aghamohammadloo & Milad Habibi & Mehdi Mehdinejad & Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani, 2023. "Novel Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Gas and Electricity Transaction Market between Prosumers and Retailers Considering Integrated Demand Response Programs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Hussain, Sadam & Azim, M. Imran & Lai, Chunyan & Eicker, Ursula, 2023. "New coordination framework for smart home peer-to-peer trading to reduce impact on distribution transformer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    4. Ruan, Hebin & Gao, Hongjun & Qiu, Haifeng & Gooi, Hoay Beng & Liu, Junyong, 2023. "Distributed operation optimization of active distribution network with P2P electricity trading in blockchain environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    5. Zadeh, Omid Razavi & Romagnoli, Silvia, 2024. "Financing sustainable energy transition with algorithmic energy tokens," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    6. Arnob Das & Susmita Datta Peu & Md. Abdul Mannan Akanda & Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, 2023. "Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Pricing Mechanisms: Towards a Comprehensive Analysis of Energy and Network Service Pricing (NSP) Mechanisms to Get Sustainable Enviro-Economical Energy Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-27, February.

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