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Investigation on the operable range and idle condition of hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Author

Listed:
  • Oh, Sechul
  • Park, Cheolwoong
  • Nguyen, Ducduy
  • Kim, Seonyeob
  • Kim, Yongrae
  • Choi, Young
  • Lee, Jeongwoo

Abstract

In this study, a hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine was investigated for UAV operation, with a focus on its combustion region and idle condition. A 2.4l, four-cylinder spark ignition engine was used for experiments, with modification for hydrogen usage instead of gasoline. In experiments, the feasible combustion region and limitations of the combustion phenomena for the hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine at specific load and speed conditions of 50 Nm and 2000 RPM were examined. It was found that owing to the wide flammability range of hydrogen, the air–fuel ratio could be varied from 1.0 to 2.4. However, misfire and backfire occurred because of the mixing issue and highly ignitable characteristics of the hydrogen–air mixture, respectively, under relatively rich conditions (excess air ratio between 1.0 and 1.5). Unstable combustion occurred under a relatively lean condition (excess air ratio>2.0). Considering important parameters such as the nitrogen oxide emissions, unburned hydrogen, and brake thermal efficiency, an excess air ratio between 1.8 and 2.0 with maximum brake torque timing (MBT) operation was appropriate for this condition. Extremely lean conditions with zero load can be achieved with stable combustion with the excess air ratio up to 3.0, which can almost eliminate nitrogen oxide emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Oh, Sechul & Park, Cheolwoong & Nguyen, Ducduy & Kim, Seonyeob & Kim, Yongrae & Choi, Young & Lee, Jeongwoo, 2021. "Investigation on the operable range and idle condition of hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:237:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221018934
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121645
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cheolwoong Park & Wonah Park & Yongrae Kim & Young Choi & Byeungjun Lim, 2019. "Effect of Valve Timing and Excess Air Ratio on Torque in Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engine for UAV," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, February.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ducduy Nguyen & Tanmay Kar & James W. G. Turner, 2023. "Performance, Emissions, and Combustion Characteristics of a Hydrogen-Fueled Spark-Ignited Engine at Different Compression Ratios: Experimental and Numerical Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Jafari, Hamed & Safarzadeh, Soroush & Azad-Farsani, Ehsan, 2022. "Effects of governmental policies on energy-efficiency improvement of hydrogen fuel cell cars: A game-theoretic approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    3. Zhenghao Yang & Yang Du & Qi Geng & Xu Gao & Haonan Er & Yuanfei Liu & Guangyu He, 2022. "Performance Analysis of a Hydrogen-Doped High-Efficiency Hybrid Cycle Rotary Engine in High-Altitude Environments Based on a Single-Zone Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-20, October.
    4. Oh, Sechul & Park, Cheolwoong & Oh, Junho & Kim, Seonyeob & Kim, Yongrae & Choi, Young & Kim, Changgi, 2022. "Combustion, emissions, and performance of natural gas–ammonia dual-fuel spark-ignited engine at full-load condition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

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