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An accounting framework for decomposing the energy-to-GDP ratio into its structural components of change

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  • Patterson, M.G.

Abstract

An accounting methodology is presented for decomposing the total change in the energy-to-GDP ratio over time into its component parts: sectoral mix effect, changes in the quality of energy inputs, factor substitution effect, and a residual variable which mainly represents technical change. This residual is the energy analogue of the multifactor technical change variable developed by Solow and Denison. It is the underlying change in technical efficiency of energy utilisation which is measured by imputation. The methodology is applied to analysing changes in the New Zealand energy-to-GDP ratio over the 1971–1984 period in order to understand the structural basis for the internationally atypical upward movement in New Zealand's ratio over this period. In applying the methodology special attention is given to the problem of measuring aggregate consumption with respect to dealing with energy inputs of different qualities.

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  • Patterson, M.G., 1993. "An accounting framework for decomposing the energy-to-GDP ratio into its structural components of change," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 18(7), pages 741-761.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:18:y:1993:i:7:p:741-761
    DOI: 10.1016/0360-5442(93)90033-A
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    Cited by:

    1. Patterson, Murray G, 1996. "What is energy efficiency? : Concepts, indicators and methodological issues," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 377-390, May.
    2. Liao, Hua & Wei, Yi-Ming, 2010. "China's energy consumption: A perspective from Divisia aggregation approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 28-34.
    3. Pillai N., Vijayamohanan & AM, Narayanan, 2019. "Energy Efficiency in Kerala," MPRA Paper 97498, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Goh, Tian & Ang, B.W., 2020. "Four reasons why there is so much confusion about energy efficiency," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    5. Pillai N., Vijayamohanan & AM, Narayanan, 2019. "Energy Efficiency: A Sectoral Analysis for Kerala," MPRA Paper 101424, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Hasanbeigi, Ali & de la Rue du Can, Stephane & Sathaye, Jayant, 2012. "Analysis and decomposition of the energy intensity of California industries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 234-245.
    7. Ang, B. W., 1995. "Multilevel decomposition of industrial energy consumption," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 39-51, January.
    8. Li, Ming-Jia & Tao, Wen-Quan, 2017. "Review of methodologies and polices for evaluation of energy efficiency in high energy-consuming industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 203-215.
    9. Pillai N., Vijayamohanan & AM, Narayanan, 2019. "Energy Efficiency Indicators: Estimation Methods," MPRA Paper 97653, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Hasanbeigi, Ali & Price, Lynn & Fino-Chen, Cecilia & Lu, Hongyou & Ke, Jing, 2013. "Retrospective and prospective decomposition analysis of Chinese manufacturing energy use and policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 562-574.
    11. Pillai N., Vijayamohanan & AM, Narayanan, 2019. "Economic Concept of Energy Efficiency," MPRA Paper 97501, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Ang, B.W. & Zhang, F.Q., 2000. "A survey of index decomposition analysis in energy and environmental studies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 25(12), pages 1149-1176.

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