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Future competitive bioenergy technologies in the German heat sector: Findings from an economic optimization approach

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  • Jordan, Matthias
  • Lenz, Volker
  • Millinger, Markus
  • Oehmichen, Katja
  • Thrän, Daniela

Abstract

Meeting the defined greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets in Germany is only possible by switching to renewable technologies in the energy sector. A major share of that reduction needs to be covered by the heat sector, which accounts for ∼35% of the energy based emissions in Germany. Biomass is the renewable key player in the heterogeneous heat sector today. Its properties such as weather independency, simple storage and flexible utilisation open up a wide field of applications for biomass. However, in a future heat sector fulfilling GHG reduction targets and energy sectors being increasingly connected: which bioenergy technology concepts are competitive options against other renewable heating systems? In this paper, the cost-optimal allocation of the limited German biomass potential is investigated under long-term scenarios using a mathematical optimization approach. The model results show that bioenergy can be a competitive option in the future. Especially the use of biomass from residues can be highly competitive in hybrid combined heat and power (CHP) pellet combustion plants in the private household sector. However, towards 2050, wood based biomass use in high temperature industry applications is found to be the most cost efficient way to reduce heat based emissions by 95% in 2050.

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  • Jordan, Matthias & Lenz, Volker & Millinger, Markus & Oehmichen, Katja & Thrän, Daniela, 2019. "Future competitive bioenergy technologies in the German heat sector: Findings from an economic optimization approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:189:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219318894
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116194
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Witzel, Carl-Philipp & Finger, Robert, 2016. "Economic evaluation of Miscanthus production – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 681-696.
    2. Bloess, Andreas & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Zerrahn, Alexander, 2018. "Power-to-heat for renewable energy integration: A review of technologies, modeling approaches, and flexibility potentials," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 212, pages 1611-1626.
    3. Szarka, Nora & Eichhorn, Marcus & Kittler, Ronny & Bezama, Alberto & Thrän, Daniela, 2017. "Interpreting long-term energy scenarios and the role of bioenergy in Germany," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1222-1233.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Millinger, M. & Reichenberg, L. & Hedenus, F. & Berndes, G. & Zeyen, E. & Brown, T., 2022. "Are biofuel mandates cost-effective? - An analysis of transport fuels and biomass usage to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    3. Mäki, Elina & Kannari, Lotta & Hannula, Ilkka & Shemeikka, Jari, 2021. "Decarbonization of a district heating system with a combination of solar heat and bioenergy: A techno-economic case study in the Northern European context," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1174-1199.
    4. Jordan, Matthias & Millinger, Markus & Thrän, Daniela, 2020. "Robust bioenergy technologies for the German heat transition: A novel approach combining optimization modeling with Sobol’ sensitivity analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    5. Torsten Schmidt-Baum & Daniela Thrän, 2020. "Nine Measures to Take—Unlocking the Potential for Biomass Heat in the German Industry and the Trade, Commerce, and Service Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-23, September.
    6. Qing Guo & Wenlan You, 2023. "Evaluating the International Competitiveness of RCEP Countries’ Biomass Products in the Context of the New Development Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-27, February.

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