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Hourly optimization and sizing of district heating systems considering building refurbishment – Case study for the city of Zagreb

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  • Pavičević, Matija
  • Novosel, Tomislav
  • Pukšec, Tomislav
  • Duić, Neven

Abstract

District heating plays a crucial role in future energy systems due to its beneficial impacts on the overall flexibility and efficiency of the energy system as a whole. In order to fully utilize its benefits, the sizing and operation of said systems needs to be optimized. This is a computationally difficult task due to a large number of parameters that need to be considered and calculated. Another issue is a need for long optimization horizons of at least one year, in order to capture seasonal, and a small time step of 1 h or less, to capture intraday variations. The goal of this work has been the development and demonstration of an optimization model capable of handling both the sizing and the operation of a district heating system based on a heat only boiler, solar thermal collectors, electric heaters, heat pumps and thermal energy storage units while considering building refurbishment. The model has been implemented on nine scenarios. The results of the analysis have demonstrated the economic and environmental benefits of the utilization of highly efficient and renewable energy sources in the proposed system.

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  • Pavičević, Matija & Novosel, Tomislav & Pukšec, Tomislav & Duić, Neven, 2017. "Hourly optimization and sizing of district heating systems considering building refurbishment – Case study for the city of Zagreb," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 1264-1276.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:137:y:2017:i:c:p:1264-1276
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.105
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    11. F, Feijoo & A, Pfeifer & L, Herc & D, Groppi & N, Duić, 2022. "A long-term capacity investment and operational energy planning model with power-to-X and flexibility technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    12. Francesco Calise & Maria Vicidomini & Mário Costa & Qiuwang Wang & Poul Alberg Østergaard & Neven Duić, 2019. "Toward an Efficient and Sustainable Use of Energy in Industries and Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-28, August.
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    14. Badami, Marco & Fonti, Antonio & Carpignano, Andrea & Grosso, Daniele, 2018. "Design of district heating networks through an integrated thermo-fluid dynamics and reliability modelling approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 826-838.
    15. Quitoras, Marvin Rhey & Campana, Pietro Elia & Rowley, Paul & Crawford, Curran, 2020. "Remote community integrated energy system optimization including building enclosure improvements and quantitative energy trilemma metrics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    16. Ana M. Marina Domingo & Javier M. Rey-Hernández & Julio F. San José Alonso & Raquel Mata Crespo & Francisco J. Rey Martínez, 2018. "Energy Efficiency Analysis Carried Out by Installing District Heating on a University Campus. A Case Study in Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-20, October.
    17. Kavian, Soheil & Hakkaki-Fard, Ali & Jafari Mosleh, Hassan, 2020. "Energy performance and economic feasibility of hot spring-based district heating system – A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    18. Somogyi, Viola & Sebestyén, Viktor & Domokos, Endre, 2018. "Assessment of wastewater heat potential for district heating in Hungary," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 712-721.
    19. Damir Požgaj & Branimir Pavković & Boris Delač & Vladimir Glažar, 2023. "Retrofitting of the District Heating System Based on the Application of Heat Pumps Operating with Natural Refrigerants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-28, February.
    20. Pfeifer, Antun & Krajačić, Goran & Ljubas, Davor & Duić, Neven, 2019. "Increasing the integration of solar photovoltaics in energy mix on the road to low emissions energy system – Economic and environmental implications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1310-1317.
    21. Parrado-Hernando, Gonzalo & Herc, Luka & Pfeifer, Antun & Capellán-Perez, Iñigo & Batas Bjelić, Ilija & Duić, Neven & Frechoso-Escudero, Fernando & Miguel González, Luis Javier & Gjorgievski, Vladimir, 2022. "Capturing features of hourly-resolution energy models through statistical annual indicators," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 1192-1223.
    22. Gimelli, A. & Muccillo, M., 2019. "Performance assessment of a 15 kW Micro-CHCP plant through the 0D/1D thermo-fluid dynamic characterization of a double water circuit waste heat recovery system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 803-814.
    23. Johannes Röder & David Beier & Benedikt Meyer & Joris Nettelstroth & Torben Stührmann & Edwin Zondervan, 2020. "Design of Renewable and System-Beneficial District Heating Systems Using a Dynamic Emission Factor for Grid-Sourced Electricity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-22, February.
    24. Ziemele, Jelena & Cilinskis, Einars & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2018. "Pathway and restriction in district heating systems development towards 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 108-118.
    25. Francesco Calise & Mário Costa & Qiuwang Wang & Xiliang Zhang & Neven Duić, 2018. "Recent Advances in the Analysis of Sustainable Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-30, September.

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