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Theoretical analysis of steam generation methods - Energy, CO2 emission, and cost analysis

Author

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  • Bless, Frédéric
  • Arpagaus, Cordin
  • Bertsch, Stefan S.
  • Schiffmann, Jürg

Abstract

A theoretical case study on steam generation has been performed. Different methods of producing steam by vapour compression, direct electrical heating, gas heating, heat pumping, use of waste heat, and a mixture thereof, were theoretically analysed. The final state of the steam had a pressure of 3 bar, which is common for a low pressure industrial steam network. Simulations using EES were performed in order to calculate the energy necessary to generate 1 kg of steam with each method. The CO2 emission and an approximation of the operating cost for each method was also calculated. The gain of using waste heat at different temperatures was evaluated. Steam generation by vapour compression can reduce the energy consumption by up to a factor of 6. The CO2 emitted during the production of electricity is crucial in determining the most efficient method when global warming is concerned. Cost analysis shows that gas-fired boilers have the lowest operating cost in the United States, however, vapour compression methods can be cost-competitive depending on the availability of waste heat and the electricity to gas price ratio. Heat pumps are very efficient and have the advantage of running even without heat recovery from waste heat.

Suggested Citation

  • Bless, Frédéric & Arpagaus, Cordin & Bertsch, Stefan S. & Schiffmann, Jürg, 2017. "Theoretical analysis of steam generation methods - Energy, CO2 emission, and cost analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 114-121.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:129:y:2017:i:c:p:114-121
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.088
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Zuberi, M. Jibran S. & Bless, Frédéric & Chambers, Jonathan & Arpagaus, Cordin & Bertsch, Stefan S. & Patel, Martin K., 2018. "Excess heat recovery: An invisible energy resource for the Swiss industry sector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 390-408.
    2. Steffen Fahr & Julian Powell & Alice Favero & Anthony J. Giarrusso & Ryan P. Lively & Matthew J. Realff, 2022. "Assessing the physical potential capacity of direct air capture with integrated supply of low‐carbon energy sources," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 12(1), pages 170-188, February.
    3. Arpagaus, Cordin & Bless, Frédéric & Uhlmann, Michael & Schiffmann, Jürg & Bertsch, Stefan S., 2018. "High temperature heat pumps: Market overview, state of the art, research status, refrigerants, and application potentials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 985-1010.
    4. Schlosser, F. & Jesper, M. & Vogelsang, J. & Walmsley, T.G. & Arpagaus, C. & Hesselbach, J., 2020. "Large-scale heat pumps: Applications, performance, economic feasibility and industrial integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    5. Vannoni, Alberto & Sorce, Alessandro & Traverso, Alberto & Fausto Massardo, Aristide, 2023. "Large size heat pumps advanced cost functions introducing the impact of design COP on capital costs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).

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