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An energy and cost comparison of residential water heating technologies

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  • Keinath, Christopher M.
  • Garimella, Srinivas

Abstract

Water heating is a significant user of energy. Several studies have investigated the development of more efficient systems. The present study compares several commercially available options for water heating and compares them with the performance of a recently developed of a gas-fired heat pump water heating system. Comparisons of each technology are conducted using annual energy use and operating cost metrics. Payback period predictions for the gas and electric heat pumps are performed with the electric and non-condensing gas storage units as a base case. Electric and gas heat pumps, at total initial costs of $2,400, are estimated to require 3.6 and 3.1 year payback periods when compared to an electric storage unit, respectively, while a gas heat pump with a total initial cost of $2000 is estimated to require 2.3 years. For this study a gas heat pump cost of $2400 was assumed. Daily total draw cases for a gas heat pump of 243, 303 and 379 L compared to a non-condensing gas storage unit as the base case show payback periods of 4, 3.2 and 2.5 years, respectively. This analysis shows that electric and gas heat pump technologies offer significant energy use and operational cost savings compared to baseline water heating technologies with reasonable payback periods.

Suggested Citation

  • Keinath, Christopher M. & Garimella, Srinivas, 2017. "An energy and cost comparison of residential water heating technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 626-633.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:128:y:2017:i:c:p:626-633
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.055
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Pablo Carnero & Pilar Calatayud, 2021. "A Parametric Analysis for Short-Term Residential Electrification with Electric Water Tanks. The Case of Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-26, November.
    2. Meireles, I. & Sousa, V. & Bleys, B. & Poncelet, B., 2022. "Domestic hot water consumption pattern: Relation with total water consumption and air temperature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Omais Abdur Rehman & Valeria Palomba & Andrea Frazzica & Antonios Charalampidis & Sotirios Karellas & Luisa F. Cabeza, 2023. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Low-GWP Heat Pump Coupled to Electrical and Thermal Energy Storage to Increase the Share of Renewables across Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-33, March.
    4. Reis, Inês F.G. & Gonçalves, Ivo & Lopes, Marta A.R. & Antunes, Carlos Henggeler, 2022. "Towards inclusive community-based energy markets: A multiagent framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    5. Fabian Wüllhorst & Christian Vering & Laura Maier & Dirk Müller, 2022. "Integration of Back-Up Heaters in Retrofit Heat Pump Systems: Which to Choose, Where to Place, and How to Control?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-22, September.
    6. Vering, Christian & Maier, Laura & Breuer, Katharina & Krützfeldt, Hannah & Streblow, Rita & Müller, Dirk, 2022. "Evaluating heat pump system design methods towards a sustainable heat supply in residential buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    7. Ahmet Feyzioglu, 2023. "A Study on the Control System of Electric Water Heaters for Decarbonization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-12, March.
    8. Christy E. Manyi-Loh & Mandlenkosi Sikhonza & Stephen Tangwe, 2021. "Linear Regression Analysis and Techno-Economic Viability of an Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater in a Residence at a University Campus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    9. Oliver Gregor Gorbach & Jessica Thomsen, 2022. "Comparing the Energy System of a Facility with Uncertainty about Future Internal Carbon Prices and Energy Carrier Costs Using Deterministic Optimisation and Two-Stage Stochastic Programming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-39, May.
    10. Zou, Deqiu & Ma, Xianfeng & Liu, Xiaoshi & Zheng, Pengjun & Cai, Baiming & Huang, Jianfeng & Guo, Jiangrong & Liu, Mo, 2017. "Experimental research of an air-source heat pump water heater using water-PCM for heat storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 784-792.
    11. Vering, Christian & Göbel, Stephan & Klebig, Tim & Will, Florian & Horst, Janik & Wüllhorst, Fabian & Nürenberg, Markus & Mehrfeld, Philipp & Müller, Dirk, 2024. "Towards a defossilized building sector with field tests in the lab: Review, development, and evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).

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