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Energy planning of district heating for future building stock based on renewable energies and increasing supply flexibility

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  • Tereshchenko, Tymofii
  • Nord, Natasa

Abstract

This paper discusses factors associated with the decisions on energy supply plants in new or existing district heating (DH) systems. Three highly efficient energy conversion technologies were considered. The study focused on an assessment of the heat supply units, considering the economic aspects and technical limitation of the technologies. Further, risks associated with the changes in heat load profiles and fuel price volatility were investigated. The existing method for heat supply optimization was compared with a new method, suggested in this paper. The new method was based on detailed performance simulation models developed in Aspen HYSYS software and data post-processing in MATLAB. The results showed that the existing method for the heat supply optimization cannot demonstrate all the advantages of highly efficient conversion technologies. The study on the new method examined 36 plant combinations and identified eight with a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) under 0.15 EUR/kWh. The results showed that an increase in the flexibility of DH provided better heat supply reliability, while increasing the heat cost. The total deviation in LCOE due to fuel and electricity price volatility was in the range of 1.6%–3.6%. Further, a change of 20% in the plant investment costs induced almost the same variation in LCOE.

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  • Tereshchenko, Tymofii & Nord, Natasa, 2016. "Energy planning of district heating for future building stock based on renewable energies and increasing supply flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1227-1244.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:112:y:2016:i:c:p:1227-1244
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.114
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    2. Mäki, Elina & Kannari, Lotta & Hannula, Ilkka & Shemeikka, Jari, 2021. "Decarbonization of a district heating system with a combination of solar heat and bioenergy: A techno-economic case study in the Northern European context," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1174-1199.
    3. Wang, Hai & Wang, Haiying & Haijian, Zhou & Zhu, Tong, 2017. "Optimization modeling for smart operation of multi-source district heating with distributed variable-speed pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 1247-1262.
    4. Moallemi, A. & Arabkoohsar, A. & Pujatti, F.J.P. & Valle, R.M. & Ismail, K.A.R., 2019. "Non-uniform temperature district heating system with decentralized heat storage units, a reliable solution for heat supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 80-91.
    5. Natasa Nord & Yiyu Ding & Ola Skrautvol & Stian Fossmo Eliassen, 2021. "Energy Pathways for Future Norwegian Residential Building Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Abusoglu, Aysegul & Tozlu, Alperen & Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad, 2021. "District heating and electricity production based on biogas produced from municipal WWTPs in Turkey: A comprehensive case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    7. Dorotić, Hrvoje & Pukšec, Tomislav & Schneider, Daniel Rolph & Duić, Neven, 2021. "Evaluation of district heating with regard to individual systems – Importance of carbon and cost allocation in cogeneration units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    8. Picardo, Alberto & Soltero, Victor M. & Peralta, M. Estela & Chacartegui, Ricardo, 2019. "District heating based on biogas from wastewater treatment plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 649-664.
    9. Pardo-Bosch, Francesc & Blanco, Ana & Mendoza, Nora & Libreros, Bibiana & Tejedor, Blanca & Pujadas, Pablo, 2023. "Sustainable deployment of energy efficient district heating: city business model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    10. Galatioto, A. & Ciulla, G. & Ricciu, R., 2017. "An overview of energy retrofit actions feasibility on Italian historical buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 991-1000.
    11. Arabkoohsar, A., 2019. "Non-uniform temperature district heating system with decentralized heat pumps and standalone storage tanks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 931-941.
    12. Ma, Zheng & Knotzer, Armin & Billanes, Joy Dalmacio & Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard, 2020. "A literature review of energy flexibility in district heating with a survey of the stakeholders’ participation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    13. Dorotić, Hrvoje & Pukšec, Tomislav & Duić, Neven, 2019. "Economical, environmental and exergetic multi-objective optimization of district heating systems on hourly level for a whole year," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    14. Johannes Röder & David Beier & Benedikt Meyer & Joris Nettelstroth & Torben Stührmann & Edwin Zondervan, 2020. "Design of Renewable and System-Beneficial District Heating Systems Using a Dynamic Emission Factor for Grid-Sourced Electricity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-22, February.
    15. Ferrari, Simone & Zagarella, Federica & Caputo, Paola & D'Amico, Antonino, 2019. "Results of a literature review on methods for estimating buildings energy demand at district level," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1130-1137.

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