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Cardiovascular disease--risk benefits of clean fuel technology and policy: A statistical analysis

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  • Gallagher, Paul
  • Lazarus, William
  • Shapouri, Hosein
  • Conway, Roger
  • Bachewe, Fantu
  • Fischer, Amelia

Abstract

The hypothesis of this study is that there is a statistical relationship between the cardiovascular disease mortality rate and the intensity of fuel consumption (measured in gallons/square mile) at a particular location. We estimate cross-sectional regressions of the mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease against the intensity of fuel consumption using local data for the entire US, before the US Clean Air Act (CAA) in 1974 and after the most recent policy revisions in 2004. The cardiovascular disease rate improvement estimate suggests that up to 60 cardiovascular disease deaths per 100,000 residents are avoided in the largest urban areas with highest fuel consumption per square mile. In New York City, for instance, the mortality reduction may be worth about $30.3 billion annually. Across the US, the estimated Value of Statistical Life (VSL) benefit is $202.7 billion annually. There are likely three inseparable reasons that contributed importantly to this welfare improvement. First, the CAA regulations banned leaded gasoline, and mandated reduction in specific chemicals and smog components. Second, technologies such as the Catalytic Converter (CC) for the automobile and the low particulate diesel engine were adopted. Third, biofuels have had important roles, making the adoption of clean air technology possible and substituting for high emission fuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Gallagher, Paul & Lazarus, William & Shapouri, Hosein & Conway, Roger & Bachewe, Fantu & Fischer, Amelia, 2010. "Cardiovascular disease--risk benefits of clean fuel technology and policy: A statistical analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 1210-1222, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:38:y:2010:i:2:p:1210-1222
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    1. Viscusi, W Kip & Aldy, Joseph E, 2003. "The Value of a Statistical Life: A Critical Review of Market Estimates throughout the World," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 5-76, August.
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    2. Wenling Liu & Ziping Xu & Tianan Yang, 2018. "Health Effects of Air Pollution in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Su, Weijian & Xie, Chengxuan, 2023. "High-speed rail, technological improvement, and PM2.5: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1349-1362.
    4. Bowen Shen & Shijie Zhang, 2022. "Determinants of Workplace Choice: How Important Is the City’s Ecological Environment in Attracting Jobseekers in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-15, February.
    5. Zhang, Xin & Zhang, Xiaobo & Chen, Xi, 2017. "Happiness in the air: How does a dirty sky affect mental health and subjective well-being?," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 81-94.
    6. Xin Zhang & Xiaobo Zhang & Xi Chen, 2015. "Happiness in the Air: How does a Dirty Sky Affect Subjective Well-Being?," Working Papers id:7598, eSocialSciences.
    7. Brown, Lawrence H. & Blanchard, Ian E., 2012. "Energy, emissions and emergency medical services: Policy matters," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 585-593.
    8. Tarufelli, Brittany L., 2021. "Toxic Air in the Industrial Corridor? An Analysis," SocArXiv 4nvzd, Center for Open Science.

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