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Driving forces and barriers in the development and implementation of coal-to-liquids (CtL) technologies in Germany

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  • Vallentin, Daniel

Abstract

Because of a growing global energy demand and rising oil prices coal-abundant nations, such as China and the United States, are pursuing the application of technologies which could replace crude oil imports by converting coal to synthetic hydrocarbon fuels--so-called coal-to-liquids (CtL) technologies. The case of CtL is well suited to analyse techno-economic, resources-related, policy-driven and actor-related parameters, which are affecting the market prospects of a technology that eases energy security constraints but is hardly compatible with a progressive climate policy. This paper concentrates on Germany as an example--the European Union (EU)'s largest member state with considerable coal reserves. It shows that in Germany and the EU, CtL is facing rather unfavourable market conditions as high costs and ambitious climate targets offset its energy security advantage.

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  • Vallentin, Daniel, 2008. "Driving forces and barriers in the development and implementation of coal-to-liquids (CtL) technologies in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 2030-2043, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:36:y:2008:i:6:p:2030-2043
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    1. Storchmann, Karl, 2005. "The rise and fall of German hard coal subsidies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 1469-1492, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rong, Fang & Victor, David G., 2011. "Coal liquefaction policy in China: Explaining the policy reversal since 2006," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(12), pages 8175-8184.
    2. Gagarin, H. & Sridhar, S. & Lange, I. & Bazilian, M.D., 2020. "Considering non-power generation uses of coal in the United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    3. Yu Hao & Shang Gao & Yunxia Guo & Zhiqiang Gai & Haitao Wu, 2021. "Measuring the nexus between economic development and environmental quality based on environmental Kuznets curve: a comparative study between China and Germany for the period of 2000–2017," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 16848-16873, November.

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