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Single parents in cold homes in Europe: How intersecting personal and national characteristics drive up the numbers of these vulnerable households

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  • Sunikka-Blank, Minna
  • Galvin, Ray

Abstract

This paper develops the social science concept of intersectionality, exploring how macro-level factors in 28 EU countries in 2010–2018 put upward pressure on the percentage of single parent households unable to heat their homes. Intersectionality research avoids categorising individuals according to one dominant characteristic, such as gender or marital status, and instead explores how vulnerabilities or resilience can be determined by several characteristics intersecting in individuals' lives. The paper considers the intersection of being single, a parent, and unable to heat one's home, noting that this can be further modified by gender, race and other factors. In a novel departure, the paper explores how the intersections of country-wide economic, weather and structural factors impinge on these vulnerable persons. It does this by using an ordinary least-squares multivariate analysis to regress the percentage of single parents who cannot heat their homes against these factors simultaneously. The central finding is that this percentage correlates most strongly with GDP per capita, income inequality and the quality of housing, factors which have implications for policy on energy poverty. The intersectionality approach provides further insights for policy by highlighting the disproportionate effect of these factors on single parent households.

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  • Sunikka-Blank, Minna & Galvin, Ray, 2021. "Single parents in cold homes in Europe: How intersecting personal and national characteristics drive up the numbers of these vulnerable households," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:150:y:2021:i:c:s0301421521000033
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112134
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    1. Lina Volodzkiene & Dalia Streimikiene, 2023. "Energy Inequality Indicators: A Comprehensive Review for Exploring Ways to Reduce Inequality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-28, August.
    2. Galvin, Ray, 2024. "Reducing poverty in the UK to mitigate energy poverty by the 10% and LIHC indicators: What tax changes are needed, and what are the consequences for CO2 emissions?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    3. Amin Nazarahari & Nader Ghotbi & Koji Tokimatsu, 2021. "Energy Poverty among College Students in Japan in a Survey of Students’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Energy Use," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, July.
    4. Lucie Middlemiss, 2022. "Who is vulnerable to energy poverty in the Global North, and what is their experience?," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(6), November.
    5. Joanna Perzyńska & Małgorzata Klaudia Guzowska, 2024. "The Feminisation of Poverty in European Union Countries—Myth or Reality?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-19, September.

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