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Energizing development finance? The benefits and risks of China's development finance in the global energy sector

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  • Gallagher, Kevin P.
  • Kamal, Rohini
  • Jin, Junda
  • Chen, Yanning
  • Ma, Xinyue

Abstract

This paper provides the first estimates of China's global developmental finance institutions in general and China's policy bank lending to foreign governments for energy in particular. According to the China Global Energy Finance database, between 2000 and 2017, China Development Bank (CDB) and China Export-Import Bank (CHEXIM) provided $225.75 billion in overseas energy development finance. We find that: China's ‘policy banks’ and funds have doubled the availability of global development finance –and hold more assets than the major Western-backed MDBs operating in developing countries. With the onset of a new family of funds and multilateral development banks co-financed by China, China is poised to be the largest development lender in the world as Western-backed MDBs appear stagnated in their ability to increase their capital bases. China's global energy portfolio is heavily exposed to country, macroeconomic, climate, and social risks, however. To mitigate such risks and meet the broader sustainable development challenge for the 21st Century, China's development finance will need to shift the composition of its global energy lending in a significant manner.

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  • Gallagher, Kevin P. & Kamal, Rohini & Jin, Junda & Chen, Yanning & Ma, Xinyue, 2018. "Energizing development finance? The benefits and risks of China's development finance in the global energy sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 313-321.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:122:y:2018:i:c:p:313-321
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Jin, Yi & Gao, Xiaoyan & Wang, Min, 2021. "The financing efficiency of listed energy conservation and environmental protection firms: Evidence and implications for green finance in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    3. Paul Bertheau & Robert Lindner, 2022. "Financing sustainable development? The role of foreign aid in Southeast Asia's energy transition," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 96-109, February.
    4. Alice Nicole Sindzingre, 2021. "Economic Relationships Between Sub-Saharan Africa and China: An Alternative Theoretical and Policy Paradigm?," Post-Print halshs-03625159, HAL.
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    6. Werner, Deborah & Lazaro, Lira Luz Benites, 2023. "The policy dimension of energy transition: The Brazilian case in promoting renewable energies (2000–2022)," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    7. Valentin Grimoux, 2018. "China’s Energy Policy & Investments and their Impact on the Sub-Saharan African Region," Working Papers 2018.27, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    8. Chen, Xu & Li, Zhongshu & Gallagher, Kevin P. & Mauzerall, Denise L., 2021. "Financing carbon lock-in in developing countries: Bilateral financing for power generation technologies from China, Japan, and the United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    9. Schclarek, Alfredo & Xu, Jiajun & Amuchastegui, Pedro, 2022. "Panda bond financing of the Belt and Road Initiative: An analysis of monetary mechanisms and financial risks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    10. Cheng, Si & Wang, Banban, 2023. "Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on China's overseas renewable energy development finance: Effects and features," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1036-1048.
    11. Ma, Binfeng & Wang, Xiaofang, 2023. "How does green floating bond and financial sector readiness promote green economic growth evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    12. Haider Mahmood & Maham Furqan & Omar Ali Bagais, 2018. "Environmental Accounting of Financial Development and Foreign Investment: Spatial Analyses of East Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    13. Gregory T. Chin & Kevin P. Gallagher, 2019. "Coordinated Credit Spaces: The Globalization of Chinese Development Finance," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 50(1), pages 245-274, January.
    14. Alfredo Schclarek & Jiajun Xu, 2021. "Panda Bond Financing of the Belt & Road Initiative: An Analysis of Monetary Mechanisms and Financial Risks," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4519, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    15. Kong, Bo & Gallagher, Kevin P., 2021. "The new coal champion of the world: The political economy of Chinese overseas development finance for coal-fired power plants," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    16. Quitzow, Rainer & Thielges, Sonja & Goldthau, Andreas & Helgenberger, Sebastian & Mbungu, Grace, 2019. "Advancing a global transition to clean energy: The role of international cooperation," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 13, pages 1-18.
    17. Grimoux, Valentin, 2018. "China’s Energy Policy & Investments and their Impact on the Sub-Saharan African Region," ESP: Energy Scenarios and Policy 276177, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    18. Miquel Muñoz Cabré & Kevin P. Gallagher & Zhongshu Li, 2018. "Renewable Energy: The Trillion Dollar Opportunity for Chinese Overseas Investment," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 26(6), pages 27-49, November.
    19. Zhen Liu & Trong Lam Vu & Thi Thu Hien Phan & Thanh Quang Ngo & Nguyen Ho Viet Anh & Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra, 2022. "Financial inclusion and green economic performance for energy efficiency finance," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(4), pages 2359-2389, November.

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