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Market states and the risk-based explanation of the size premium

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  • Hur, Jungshik
  • Pettengill, Glenn
  • Singh, Vivek

Abstract

The distress risk explanation of the size effect implies that payment for distress risk ought to occur in up market periods, not in down market periods where distress risk ought to depress the price of securities with such risk. We find that, given the influence of the market beta, the relationship between size and returns is significant only in down markets. Further, we find a size effect in January regardless of the market state. In months other than January, a small-firm effect exists in down markets, but a large-firm effect exists in up markets. Out results are robust to different definitions of up and down markets using credit spreads and various estimations of beta. These results suggest that if payment to size is based on systematic risk then some other explanation should be developed. Alternatively, the explanation of the size effect may depend on payment to idiosyncratic risk or it might be associated with behavioral factors. In all cases, current methods of risk adjusting in academic studies are questioned.

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  • Hur, Jungshik & Pettengill, Glenn & Singh, Vivek, 2014. "Market states and the risk-based explanation of the size premium," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 139-150.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:empfin:v:28:y:2014:i:c:p:139-150
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2014.06.006
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    2. Byrne, Joseph P & Ibrahim, Boulis Maher & Sakemoto, Ryuta, 2017. "The Time-Varying Risk Price of Currency Carry Trades," MPRA Paper 80788, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Anton Astakhov & Tomas Havranek & Jiri Novak, 2017. "Firm Size and Stock Returns: A Meta-Analysis," Working Papers IES 2017/14, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, revised Jul 2017.
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    6. Glenn Pettengill & George Chang, 2019. "Validating empirically identified risk factors," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 43(1), pages 162-179, January.
    7. Cristiane Gea & Marcelo Cabus Klotzle & Luciano Vereda & Antonio Carlos Figueiredo Pinto, 2023. "Pricing uncertainty in the Brazilian stock market: do size and sustainability matter?," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 1-37, January.
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    10. Chowdhury, Biplob & Jeyasreedharan, Nagaratnam, 2019. "An empirical examination of the jump and diffusion aspects of asset pricing: Japanese evidence," Working Papers 2019-02, University of Tasmania, Tasmanian School of Business and Economics.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Size premium; Market states; Size effect;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

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