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Safeguarding ecosystem services and livelihoods: Understanding the impact of conservation strategies on benefit flows to society

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  • Willemen, Louise
  • Drakou, Evangelia G.
  • Dunbar, Martha B.
  • Mayaux, Philippe
  • Egoh, Benis N.

Abstract

Society has always benefited from ecosystems through the provision of ecosystem services. To ensure a continuous flow of these benefits, different strategies aimed at safeguarding ecosystem services are proposed. In this paper we explore how biodiversity conservation measures, particularly protected areas, influence the flow of ecosystem services to different members of society. We highlight the impact of these measures on the poorer members of society because of their strong dependence on ecosystem services to sustain their livelihood. For the Democratic Republic of Congo we mapped five ecosystem services (food production, tourism, carbon, timber and fuel wood production) using spatial landscape indicators, within and outside protected areas, and identified their direct beneficiaries. This illustration was used to feed a round-table discussion on the impact of different conservation strategies on society, held with ecosystem services professionals during the 4th Ecosystem Service Partnership Conference in the Netherlands. The discussion highlighted the need for spatial methods to assess ecosystem service trade-offs, as well as the main challenges for conservation measures to contribute to both livelihood improvement and conservation gains. We argue that, ecosystem services maps can play a crucial role in understanding and managing the trade-offs in ecosystem service flows resulting from conservation strategies.

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  • Willemen, Louise & Drakou, Evangelia G. & Dunbar, Martha B. & Mayaux, Philippe & Egoh, Benis N., 2013. "Safeguarding ecosystem services and livelihoods: Understanding the impact of conservation strategies on benefit flows to society," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 4(C), pages 95-103.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecoser:v:4:y:2013:i:c:p:95-103
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.02.004
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    5. Hejnowicz, Adam P. & Raffaelli, David G. & Rudd, Murray A. & White, Piran C.L., 2014. "Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 9(C), pages 83-97.
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    10. Eastwood, A. & Brooker, R. & Irvine, R.J. & Artz, R.R.E. & Norton, L.R. & Bullock, J.M. & Ross, L. & Fielding, D. & Ramsay, S. & Roberts, J. & Anderson, W. & Dugan, D. & Cooksley, S. & Pakeman, R.J., 2016. "Does nature conservation enhance ecosystem services delivery?," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 152-162.
    11. Carina Van der Laan & Arif Budiman & Judith A. Verstegen & Stefan C. Dekker & Wiwin Effendy & André P. C. Faaij & Arif Data Kusuma & Pita A. Verweij, 2018. "Analyses of Land Cover Change Trajectories Leading to Tropical Forest Loss: Illustrated for the West Kutai and Mahakam Ulu Districts, East Kalimantan, Indonesia," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-19, September.
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    13. Siyuan He & Louise Gallagher & Qingwen Min, 2021. "Examining Linkages among Livelihood Strategies, Ecosystem Services, and Social Well-Being to Improve National Park Management," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-20, August.

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