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Governing a pioneer program on payment for watershed services: Stakeholder involvement, legal frameworks and early lessons from the Atlantic forest of Brazil

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  • Richards, Ryan C.
  • Rerolle, Julia
  • Aronson, James
  • Pereira, Paulo Henrique
  • Gonçalves, Helena
  • Brancalion, Pedro H.S.

Abstract

Increasing acceptance of payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs as environmental policy alternatives suggests a clear need for research on PES implementation, both to validate theoretical frameworks and improve approaches for existing and future programs. We provide a history of the 10-year old Conservador das Águas program in Extrema, a city in Minas Gerais located within the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. To date, the program has coordinated restoration activities that have increased native forest cover in 60% in targeted sub-watershed through contracts with 53 landowners, and has established long-term collaborations among government agencies, civil society, and landowners. Evaluation of the institutional elements of the program using an institutional framework reveals lessons that are relevant for future projects. We find that national legislation and local government organizations have played key roles in enabling and maintaining program activities. Further, strategic decisions by program staff, including targeting important regions and actors within the municipality, the use of Forest Code mandates as an incentive for participation, and use of municipal legislation to secure funding, were critical to the program's success. We use an institutional framework to provide a review of the program, including its legal context, actors, and financial instruments, for those engaged in establishing and sustaining similar programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Richards, Ryan C. & Rerolle, Julia & Aronson, James & Pereira, Paulo Henrique & Gonçalves, Helena & Brancalion, Pedro H.S., 2015. "Governing a pioneer program on payment for watershed services: Stakeholder involvement, legal frameworks and early lessons from the Atlantic forest of Brazil," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 23-32.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecoser:v:16:y:2015:i:c:p:23-32
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.09.002
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    1. Richards, Ryan C. & Kennedy, Chris J. & Lovejoy, Thomas E. & Brancalion, Pedro H.S., 2017. "Considering farmer land use decisions in efforts to ‘scale up’ Payments for Watershed Services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 238-247.
    2. Brownson, Katherine & Fowler, Laurie, 2020. "Evaluating how we evaluate success: Monitoring, evaluation and adaptive management in Payments for Watershed Services programs," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    3. Rocha, Samuel José Silva Soares da & Comini, Indira Bifano & Morais Júnior, Vicente Toledo Machado de & Schettini, Bruno Leão Said & Villanova, Paulo Henrique & Alves, Eliana Boaventura Bernardes Mour, 2020. "Ecological ICMS enables forest restoration in Brazil," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    4. Brancalion, Pedro H.S. & Lamb, David & Ceccon, Eliane & Boucher, Doug & Herbohn, John & Strassburg, Bernardo & Edwards, David P., 2017. "Using markets to leverage investment in forest and landscape restoration in the tropics," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(P1), pages 103-113.
    5. Richards, Ryan C. & Petrie, Ragan & Christ, Benjamin & Ditt, Eduardo & Kennedy, Chris J., 2020. "Farmer preferences for reforestation contracts in Brazil's Atlantic Forest," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    6. Saad, Sandra I. & Mota da Silva, Jonathan & Ponette-González, Alexandra G. & Silva, Marx Leandro Naves & da Rocha, Humberto R., 2021. "Modeling the on-site and off-site benefits of Atlantic forest conservation in a Brazilian watershed," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    7. Oliveira Fiorini, Ana Carolina & Mullally, Conner & Swisher, Marilyn & Putz, Francis E., 2020. "Forest cover effects of payments for ecosystem services: Evidence from an impact evaluation in Brazil," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    8. Grilli, Gianluca & Fratini, Roberto & Marone, Enrico & Sacchelli, Sandro, 2020. "A spatial-based tool for the analysis of payments for forest ecosystem services related to hydrogeological protection," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    9. Meli, Paula & Calle, Alicia & Calle, Zoraida & Ortiz-Arrona, Claudia I. & Sirombra, Martín & Brancalion, Pedro H.S., 2019. "Riparian-forest buffers: Bridging the gap between top-down and bottom-up restoration approaches in Latin America," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    10. Sheng, Wenping & Zhen, Lin & Xie, Gaodi & Xiao, Yu, 2017. "Determining eco-compensation standards based on the ecosystem services value of the mountain ecological forests in Beijing, China," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 26(PB), pages 422-430.
    11. Campanhão, Ligia Maria Barrios & Ranieri, Victor Eduardo Lima, 2019. "Guideline framework for effective targeting of payments for watershed services," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 93-109.
    12. Batista Mattos, Jonatas & Brito Silva, Kaique & da Silva, Roberto José & Mota Almeida, Thiara Helena & Sibilla Soares Póvoas, Hogana & da Silva, Paulo Vagner Ribeiro & de Araújo Góes, Ingrid Matos & d, 2019. "Natural factors or environmental neglect? Understanding the dilemma of a water crisis in a scenario of water plenty," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 509-517.
    13. Guidotti, Vinicius & Ferraz, Silvio Frosini de Barros & Pinto, Luis Fernando Guedes & Sparovek, Gerd & Taniwaki, Ricardo H. & Garcia, Lara Gabrielle & Brancalion, Pedro H.S., 2020. "Changes in Brazil’s Forest Code can erode the potential of riparian buffers to supply watershed services," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    14. Ruggiero, Patricia G.C. & Metzger, Jean Paul & Reverberi Tambosi, Leandro & Nichols, Elizabeth, 2019. "Payment for ecosystem services programs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Effective but not enough," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 283-291.

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