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Modelling the outcrossing between genetically modified and conventional maize with equation discovery

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  • Ivanovska, Aneta
  • Todorovski, Ljupčo
  • Debeljak, Marko
  • Džeroski, Sašo

Abstract

Many studies explore the feasibility of co-existence between genetically modified (GM) and conventional (non-GM) crops. An important research topic in these studies is the process of outcrossing, i.e., the process of gene flow via pollen flow from GM to non-GM crops. In this paper, we address a new modelling approach to define the environmentally driven processes of outcrossing for maize from existing empirical datasets. In particular, we use equation discovery methodology that combines background knowledge and empirical data from several studies. We induce models that predict the degree of outcrossing rate between the donor (GM) and the recipient (non-GM) maize field from the distance between the fields and the local wind characteristics (speed, direction and duration). This results in highly accurate models, for which both variables (distance and wind) are essential and of roughly equal importance.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivanovska, Aneta & Todorovski, Ljupčo & Debeljak, Marko & Džeroski, Sašo, 2009. "Modelling the outcrossing between genetically modified and conventional maize with equation discovery," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(8), pages 1063-1072.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:220:y:2009:i:8:p:1063-1072
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.035
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Znidarsic, Martin & Bohanec, Marko & Zupan, Blaz, 2008. "Modelling impacts of cropping systems: Demands and solutions for DEX methodology," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 189(3), pages 594-608, September.
    2. Kuparinen, Anna & Markkanen, Tiina & Riikonen, Hermanni & Vesala, Timo, 2007. "Modeling air-mediated dispersal of spores, pollen and seeds in forested areas," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 208(2), pages 177-188.
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    1. Debeljak, Marko & Trajanov, Aneta & Stojanova, Daniela & Leprince, Florence & Džeroski, Sašo, 2012. "Using relational decision trees to model out-crossing rates in a multi-field setting," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 245(C), pages 75-83.

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