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Does financial instability increase environmental degradation? Fresh evidence from Pakistan

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  • Shahbaz, Muhammad

Abstract

The present study explores the relationship between financial instability and environmental degradation within the multivariate framework using time series data over the period of 1971–2009 in case of Pakistan. The long run relationship is investigated by the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, and error correction method (ECM) is applied to examine the short run dynamics. The stationary properties of the variables are investigated by applying Saikkonen and Lütkepohl unit root test. Empirical evidence confirms that there exists a long run relationship between both variables and financial instability increases environmental degradation.

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  • Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2013. "Does financial instability increase environmental degradation? Fresh evidence from Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 537-544.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:33:y:2013:i:c:p:537-544
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.04.035
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial instability; Environment; Cointegration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

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