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Children's executive function in a CPS-involved sample: Effects of cumulative adversity and specific types of adversity

Author

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  • Roos, Leslie E.
  • Kim, Hyoun K.
  • Schnabler, Simone
  • Fisher, Philip A.

Abstract

Prior research has identified the presence of executive function (EF) deficits in child protective service (CPS) involved (versus non-involved) children but minimal work has examined predictors that might explain individual differences within these CPS-involved children. Here, we sought to characterize EF in a large sample (N=694) of CPS-involved children and examine how specific adversities (physical abuse, neglect, caregiver domestic violence, and caregiver substance dependence) and cumulative adversity (at ages 0–3 and 3–6years) predict EF (at approximately 5–6years). It was expected that the sample would exhibit low EF overall based on previous research in maltreated children. Specific adversity and cumulative adversity analyses were largely exploratory given the limited previous work in this area. Results indicated poor EF overall, with 43.5% of children performing worse than chance. Among children who performed greater than chance, higher cumulative adversity, physical abuse, and caregiver substance use (at ages 3–6years) predicted better EF. These findings join literature documenting that, within CPS-involved children, the presence of certain adversities predicts variable cognitive function. Findings highlight the potential relevance of evolutionary psychology to understanding how alterations in behavior linked to harsh and unpredictable early environments may cue accelerated brain development underlying relative cognitive advantages, within at-risk, low performing samples. Longitudinal studies are critical to determine if the relative EF advantages linked to higher adversity persist over time or result in lower EF later on, reflecting a more rapid, but overall limited, trajectory of cognitive development.

Suggested Citation

  • Roos, Leslie E. & Kim, Hyoun K. & Schnabler, Simone & Fisher, Philip A., 2016. "Children's executive function in a CPS-involved sample: Effects of cumulative adversity and specific types of adversity," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 184-190.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:71:y:2016:i:c:p:184-190
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.11.008
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    Cited by:

    1. Casanueva, Cecilia & Williams, Jason & Kluckman, Marianne & Harris, Sarah & Goldman Fraser, Jenifer, 2024. "The effect of the ZERO TO THREE Infant-Toddler Court Teams on type and time of exits from out-of-home care: A new study ten years after the first competing risks analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    2. Ferrara, Amanda M. & Panlilio, Carlomagno C., 2020. "The role of metacognition in explaining the relationship between early adversity and reading comprehension," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    3. Mullins, Casey & Panlilio, Carlomagno C., 2023. "Adversity, engagement, and later achievement: The role of emotion regulation and parent-child relationship quality," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).

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