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CEO inside debt and internal capital market efficiency

Author

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  • Freund, Steven
  • Nguyen, Hien T.
  • Phan, Hieu V.
  • Tang, Hien T.

Abstract

Agency theory argues that managerial equity-based incentives are more effective when firm solvency is likely while debt-based incentives are more effective when firms face a greater likelihood of bankruptcy. We examine the relation between chief executive officers' (CEOs') inside debt holdings and the internal capital market allocation of multi-segment firms. We find that CEO inside debt holdings are associated with conservative capital allocation to firm segments, with the result driven by financially distressed firms. Further analysis indicates that although CEO inside debt, on average, is negatively related to firm value, the relation is positive for financially distressed firms. Our evidence indicates that inside debt holdings align the interests of managers and external creditors, inducing managers to pursue conservative capital allocation strategies that appear to be optimal for firms facing insolvency.

Suggested Citation

  • Freund, Steven & Nguyen, Hien T. & Phan, Hieu V. & Tang, Hien T., 2021. "CEO inside debt and internal capital market efficiency," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:corfin:v:68:y:2021:i:c:s092911992100095x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101974
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    Cited by:

    1. Huang, Hung-Yi & Yan, Cheng & Ho, Kung-Cheng, 2022. "Does managerial compensation influence price efficiency?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    2. Salama, Feras M. & Samet, Anis, 2022. "The impact of CEO inside debt on the coinsurance effect and excess value of diversification," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 58-74.
    3. Gurmeet S. Bhabra & Ashrafee T. Hossain, 2023. "Asset redeployability and CEO inside debt," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(4), pages 4299-4331, December.
    4. Wang, Ting & Tang, Jian & Wang, Xiao & He, Qiankun, 2024. "Assessing capital allocation efficiency under environmental regulation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PA).
    5. Pollock, Susan & Switzer, Lorne N. & Wang, Jun, 2023. "The dynamics of CEO equity vs. inside debt and firm performance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    6. Huang, Yin-Siang & Lee, Cheng-Few & Lin, Chih-Yung, 2023. "Applications of fixed effect models to managerial risk-taking incentives," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 249-261.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CEO inside debt; Executive compensation; Investments; Capital allocation; Internal capital market efficiency; Firm value; Insolvency;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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