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Peakons in spinor F=1 Bose–Einstein condensates with PT-symmetric δ-function potentials

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  • Lao, Jun-Yi
  • Qin, Zi-Yang
  • Zhang, Jia-Rui
  • Shen, Yu-Jia

Abstract

By introducing PT-symmetric δ-function potentials into three-component Gross–Pitaevskii equations that describe spinor F=1 Bose–Einstein condensates, we obtain stable and unstable analytical peakon solutions which enable us to explore the patterns of mean-field and spin-exchange interaction in relation to variations in energy of nonlinear modes. Furthermore, using iterative algorithms, we generate a series of numerical solutions and represent several families of peakon solutions in the form of energy curves, examining the impact of parameters on energy. Additionally, we observe a closed-loop structure in the family of peakons, with P0 and μ0 serving as the coordinate axes. On this curve, we discover stable peakons exhibiting periodic oscillatory properties, which can be regarded as a form of internal energy transfer within the coupled system. This research could contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of coupled nonlinear systems and serve as a reference for future experiments in this domain.

Suggested Citation

  • Lao, Jun-Yi & Qin, Zi-Yang & Zhang, Jia-Rui & Shen, Yu-Jia, 2024. "Peakons in spinor F=1 Bose–Einstein condensates with PT-symmetric δ-function potentials," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:180:y:2024:i:c:s0960077924000481
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2024.114497
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zengming Meng & Liangwei Wang & Wei Han & Fangde Liu & Kai Wen & Chao Gao & Pengjun Wang & Cheng Chin & Jing Zhang, 2023. "Atomic Bose–Einstein condensate in twisted-bilayer optical lattices," Nature, Nature, vol. 615(7951), pages 231-236, March.
    2. David C. Aveline & Jason R. Williams & Ethan R. Elliott & Chelsea Dutenhoffer & James R. Kellogg & James M. Kohel & Norman E. Lay & Kamal Oudrhiri & Robert F. Shotwell & Nan Yu & Robert J. Thompson, 2020. "Observation of Bose–Einstein condensates in an Earth-orbiting research lab," Nature, Nature, vol. 582(7811), pages 193-197, June.
    3. D. L. Campbell & R. M. Price & A. Putra & A. Valdés-Curiel & D. Trypogeorgos & I. B. Spielman, 2016. "Magnetic phases of spin-1 spin–orbit-coupled Bose gases," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, April.
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