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Lempel-Ziv complexity of the pNNx statistics – an application to neonatal stress

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Listed:
  • Šapina, Matej
  • Karmakar, Chandan Kumar
  • Kramarić, Karolina
  • Kośmider, Marcin
  • Garcin, Matthieu
  • Brdarić, Dario
  • Milas, Krešimir
  • Yearwood, John

Abstract

Among the existing measures of heart rate variability (HRV), the pNN50 statistics is one of the most commonly reported. However, it is only a single member of a much larger family of HRV measures – the pNNx statistics. In this research pNNx was further extended, combining it with the Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZ76) in a controlled neonatal stress framework. Two different types of stress stimuli on forty healthy newborns – a routine heel stick blood sampling, and a dull heel pressure stimulation – were considered by recording time intervals between heartbeats. Instead of relying on a single value, the entire spectrum from pNN1 to pNN100 was calculated, along with LZ76 derived from binarized sequences for each NN. The results of this study show a downward shift of the pNNx curves when newborns are stressed, with reduced LZ76 complexity when stressed. When ROC curves were utilized for the pNNx statistics and LZ76, however, the highest AUC values were observed when both measures were combined, with the highest AUC values of 0.88 (0.80-0.94) and 0.85 (0.74-0.91) for discriminating resting states from stress phases. Combining the widely used pNNx statistics with LZ76 extends the existing HRV toolbox, and shows a promising application in recognizing acute neonatal stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Šapina, Matej & Karmakar, Chandan Kumar & Kramarić, Karolina & Kośmider, Marcin & Garcin, Matthieu & Brdarić, Dario & Milas, Krešimir & Yearwood, John, 2021. "Lempel-Ziv complexity of the pNNx statistics – an application to neonatal stress," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:146:y:2021:i:c:s0960077921000564
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110703
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. S. Zozor & D. Mateos & P. Lamberti, 2014. "Mixing Bandt-Pompe and Lempel-Ziv approaches: another way to analyze the complexity of continuous-state sequences," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 87(5), pages 1-12, May.
    2. Mateos, Diego M. & Zozor, Steeve & Olivares, Felipe, 2020. "Contrasting stochasticity with chaos in a permutation Lempel–Ziv complexity — Shannon entropy plane," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 554(C).
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