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Optimal sizing of small wind/battery systems considering the DC bus voltage stability effect on energy capture, wind speed variability, and load uncertainty

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  • Lujano-Rojas, Juan M.
  • Dufo-López, Rodolfo
  • Bernal-Agustín, José L.

Abstract

In this paper, a mathematical model for stochastic simulation and optimization of small wind energy systems is presented. This model is able to consider the operation of the charge controller, the coulombic efficiency during charge and discharge processes, the influence of temperature on the battery bank capacity, the wind speed variability, and load uncertainty. The joint effect of charge controller operation, ambient temperature, and coulombic efficiency is analyzed in a system installed in Zaragoza (Spain), concluding that if the analysis without considering these factors is carried out, the reliability level of the physical system could be lower than expected, and an increment of 25% in the battery bank capacity would be required to reach a reliability level of 90% in the analyzed case. Also, the effect of the wind speed variability and load uncertainty in the system reliability is analyzed.

Suggested Citation

  • Lujano-Rojas, Juan M. & Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Bernal-Agustín, José L., 2012. "Optimal sizing of small wind/battery systems considering the DC bus voltage stability effect on energy capture, wind speed variability, and load uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 404-412.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:93:y:2012:i:c:p:404-412
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.12.035
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    5. Yimy E. García-Vera & Rodolfo Dufo-López & José L. Bernal-Agustín, 2020. "Optimization of Isolated Hybrid Microgrids with Renewable Energy Based on Different Battery Models and Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, January.
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    8. Neto, Pedro Bezerra Leite & Saavedra, Osvaldo R. & Oliveira, Denisson Q., 2020. "The effect of complementarity between solar, wind and tidal energy in isolated hybrid microgrids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 339-355.
    9. Muhammad Khalid, 2019. "A Review on the Selected Applications of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-34, November.
    10. Ying-Yi Hong & Yuan-Ming Lai & Yung-Ruei Chang & Yih-Der Lee & Pang-Wei Liu, 2015. "Optimizing Capacities of Distributed Generation and Energy Storage in a Small Autonomous Power System Considering Uncertainty in Renewables," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-20, March.
    11. Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Lujano-Rojas, Juan M. & Bernal-Agustín, José L., 2014. "Comparison of different lead–acid battery lifetime prediction models for use in simulation of stand-alone photovoltaic systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 242-253.
    12. Lata-García, Juan & Jurado, Francisco & Fernández-Ramírez, Luis M. & Sánchez-Sainz, Higinio, 2018. "Optimal hydrokinetic turbine location and techno-economic analysis of a hybrid system based on photovoltaic/hydrokinetic/hydrogen/battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 611-620.
    13. Wen, Shuli & Lan, Hai & Hong, Ying-Yi & Yu, David C. & Zhang, Lijun & Cheng, Peng, 2016. "Allocation of ESS by interval optimization method considering impact of ship swinging on hybrid PV/diesel ship power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 158-167.
    14. Yuan, Qiheng & Zhou, Keliang & Yao, Jing, 2020. "A new measure of wind power variability with implications for the optimal sizing of standalone wind power systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 538-549.
    15. Maheri, Alireza, 2014. "Multi-objective design optimisation of standalone hybrid wind-PV-diesel systems under uncertainties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 650-661.
    16. Oh, Ki-Yong & Epureanu, Bogdan I., 2016. "Characterization and modeling of the thermal mechanics of lithium-ion battery cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 633-646.
    17. Veerasamy, Veerapandiyan & Abdul Wahab, Noor Izzri & Ramachandran, Rajeswari & Othman, Mohammad Lutfi & Hizam, Hashim & Devendran, Vidhya Sagar & Irudayaraj, Andrew Xavier Raj & Vinayagam, Arangarajan, 2021. "Recurrent network based power flow solution for voltage stability assessment and improvement with distributed energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    18. Daghi, Majid & Sedghi, Mahdi & Ahmadian, Ali & Aliakbar-Golkar, Masoud, 2016. "Factor analysis based optimal storage planning in active distribution network considering different battery technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 456-469.
    19. Ma, Tao & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin, 2014. "A feasibility study of a stand-alone hybrid solar–wind–battery system for a remote island," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 149-158.
    20. Jiang, Joe-Air & Su, Yu-Li & Shieh, Jyh-Cherng & Kuo, Kun-Chang & Lin, Tzu-Shiang & Lin, Ta-Te & Fang, Wei & Chou, Jui-Jen & Wang, Jen-Cheng, 2014. "On application of a new hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based photovoltaic system to the closed plant factory," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 309-324.
    21. Chaudhry, Nikhil & Hughes, Larry, 2012. "Forecasting the reliability of wind-energy systems: A new approach using the RL technique," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 422-430.

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