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Energy input and yield relations for wheat in different agro-climatic zones of the Punjab

Author

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  • Singh, Satwinder
  • Singh, Surendra
  • Pannu, C. J. S.
  • Singh, Jasdev

Abstract

Modern farming has become very energy intensive. Nowadays cropping pattern, farm activities and level of technology define the energy requirements. Energy needs are not only increasing in the agricultural sector, but in all sectors involving human activities. There is a great need to balance the use and availability of energy especially in the agricultural sector, in such a manner, so as not to affect the production adversely. Realising the implications of energy use, a study was carried out on the energy consumption patterns, in different agro-climatic zones, for the wheat crop in the state of Punjab in India. Mathematical relations were fitted to the yield and total energy input. An attempt was also made to optimise the energy inputs using a frontier production function for different agro-climatic zones. Under the present conditions, where irrigation is not assured, there is not much scope for increasing the yield of wheat in zone 1. However a 5.4% increase in yield is expected in zone 2 by providing 26.9% additional energy input through irrigation and the use of a fertiliser. The yield can be increased by 3.2% to 4049 kg/ha from 3922 kg/ha by putting 18.6% more energy input in zone 3. Yield can be increased to 4934 kg/ha (an increase of 13.7%) by an additional energy input of 28.5% in zone 4. On the other hand, the additional energy input of 29.6% gives only 1.3% increase in yield in zone 5. In most cases, the proper placements of seed, irrigation and fertiliser played significant roles in increasing the productivity in addition to some unknown parameters such as soil type and weather conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Singh, Satwinder & Singh, Surendra & Pannu, C. J. S. & Singh, Jasdev, 1999. "Energy input and yield relations for wheat in different agro-climatic zones of the Punjab," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(4), pages 287-298, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:63:y:1999:i:4:p:287-298
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    Cited by:

    1. Kalliopi Tataraki & Eugenia Giannini & Konstantinos Kavvadias & Zacharias Maroulis, 2020. "Cogeneration Economics for Greenhouses in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-27, July.
    2. Yuan, Shen & Peng, Shaobing, 2017. "Trends in the economic return on energy use and energy use efficiency in China's crop production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 836-844.
    3. Mohammadi, Ali & Omid, Mahmoud, 2010. "Economical analysis and relation between energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber production in Iran," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 191-196, January.
    4. Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Rafiee, Shahin & Omid, Mahmoud & Yousefi, Marziye & Movahedi, Mehran, 2013. "Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 333-338.
    5. Canakci, M. & Akinci, I., 2006. "Energy use pattern analyses of greenhouse vegetable production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(8), pages 1243-1256.
    6. Kizilaslan, Halil, 2009. "Input-output energy analysis of cherries production in Tokat Province of Turkey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(7-8), pages 1354-1358, July.
    7. Pishgar Komleh, S.H. & Keyhani, A. & Rafiee, Sh. & Sefeedpary, P., 2011. "Energy use and economic analysis of corn silage production under three cultivated area levels in Tehran province of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3335-3341.
    8. Hafeez, Mohsin & Bundschuh, Jochen & Mushtaq, Shahbaz, 2014. "Exploring synergies and tradeoffs: Energy, water, and economic implications of water reuse in rice-based irrigation systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 889-900.
    9. Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Rafiee, Shahin & Omid, Mahmoud & Mousazadeh, Hossein & Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali, 2014. "Application of artificial neural networks for prediction of output energy and GHG emissions in potato production in Iran," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 120-127.
    10. Pathak, H. & Wassmann, R., 2007. "Introducing greenhouse gas mitigation as a development objective in rice-based agriculture: I. Generation of technical coefficients," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 94(3), pages 807-825, June.

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