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Oxides of nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere: Trends, sources, sinks and environmental impacts

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  • Badr, O.
  • Probert, S. D.

Abstract

The oxides NO and NO2 of nitrogen (collectively known as NOx) play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. They are emitted to the atmosphere naturally, mainly as a result of microbial activities in soils and lightning discharges. However, predominantly, the emissions occur as a result of human activities (such as the combustion of fossil fuels, biomass burning and the use of fertilisers). Long-term trends of the concentration of NOx in the atmosphere are not documented adequately. Nevertheless, reconstructed emission inventories suggest that large increases have occurred throughout this century. Exposures to NOx compounds have direct adverse effects on humans, animals and plants. NOx also contribute to the global environmental problems facing our planet (i.e. excessive global warming, depletion of the ozone layer and acid deposition). In this study, up-to-date knowledge concerning (i) the atmospheric concentration, (ii) sources, (iii) sinks, and (iv) environmental impacts of NOx are reviewed.

Suggested Citation

  • Badr, O. & Probert, S. D., 1993. "Oxides of nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere: Trends, sources, sinks and environmental impacts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 1-67.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:46:y:1993:i:1:p:1-67
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    Cited by:

    1. Ferrero, Enrico & Alessandrini, Stefano & Balanzino, Alessia, 2016. "Impact of the electric vehicles on the air pollution from a highway," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 450-459.
    2. Hinrichs, Jörn & Felsmann, Daniel & Schweitzer-De Bortoli, Stefan & Tomczak, Heinz-Jörg & Pitsch, Heinz, 2018. "Numerical and experimental investigation of pollutant formation and emissions in a full-scale cylindrical heating unit of a condensing gas boiler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 977-989.
    3. Badr, O. & Probert, S. D., 1995. "Sinks and environmental impacts for atmospheric carbon monoxide," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 339-372.

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