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Factor substitution and development path of the new energy market in the BRICS countries under carbon neutrality: Inspirations from developed European countries

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  • Pan, Yuling
  • Dong, Feng

Abstract

Carbon neutrality is proposed by many countries for responding to climate change and energy transformation. Developing new energy is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality goals. In the context of carbon neutrality, this paper analyzes the factor structure and market orientation of the new energy market in BRICS countries (including the Federative Republic of Brazil, Russian Federation, the Republic of India, People’s Republic of China, and the Republic of South Africa) and developed European (DE) countries in recent years. The primary conclusions are as follows: (1) In wind and solar energy markets, the BRICS countries exhibit an elastic substitution effect in production, indicating they have chosen the expansionary strategy with unbalanced factors. Through the contribution analysis, we find the development of wind and solar energy in BRICS countries is capital-oriented. However, the DE countries have opted for a conservative strategy with balanced factors, in which the wind and solar energy markets need promotional measures for capital investment and technological progress. (2) In the biomass energy market, both the BRICS countries and DE countries adopt the expansionary strategy. Besides, the development of the biomass energy market is technology-oriented except for India. (3) For the nuclear energy market, the BRICS countries and DE countries choose the conservative strategy and expansionary strategy, respectively. However, due to safety concerns, the expansion of nuclear energy in all countries has slowed. (4) Although a capital-oriented strategy can quickly promote the development of the new energy market, this practice compromises the local welfare and the benefits of the new energy technology progress to varying extents. The core insight of this paper is that BRICS countries should avoid the new energy capital trap and prevent the new energy technology dilemma. For the BRICS countries, policymakers should further evaluate the balance between capital-oriented interest and technology-oriented development. Also, achieving carbon neutrality is more difficult for the BRICS countries than DE countries. Hence, the BRICS countries should further refine their energy strategies for the long term.

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  • Pan, Yuling & Dong, Feng, 2023. "Factor substitution and development path of the new energy market in the BRICS countries under carbon neutrality: Inspirations from developed European countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:331:y:2023:i:c:s0306261922016993
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120442
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sebastian Gechert & Tomas Havranek & Zuzana Irsova & Dominika Kolcunova, 2022. "Measuring Capital-Labor Substitution: The Importance of Method Choices and Publication Bias," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 45, pages 55-82, July.
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    3. Sebastian Gechert & Tomas Havranek & Zuzana Irsova & Dominika Kolcunova, 2022. "Measuring Capital-Labor Substitution: The Importance of Method Choices and Publication Bias," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 45, pages 55-82, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pan, Yuling & Dong, Feng, 2023. "Green finance policy coupling effect of fossil energy use rights trading and renewable energy certificates trading on low carbon economy: Taking China as an example," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 658-679.
    2. Yu, Bolin & Fang, Debin & Pan, Yuling & Jia, Yunxia, 2023. "Countries’ green total-factor productivity towards a low-carbon world: The role of energy trilemma," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    3. Zhong, Wenli & Liu, Yang & Dong, Kangyin & Ni, Guohua, 2024. "Assessing the synergistic effects of artificial intelligence on pollutant and carbon emission mitigation in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    4. Bi-Huei Tsai & Yao-Min Huang, 2023. "Comparing the Substitution of Nuclear Energy or Renewable Energy for Fossil Fuels between the United States and Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.
    5. Fang, Guochang & Zhou, Huixin & Meng, Aoxiang & Tian, Lixin, 2024. "How to crack the impossible triangle of new energy coupled system——Evidence from China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 374(C).
    6. Liu, Yajie & Dong, Feng & Li, Guoqing & Huang, Jianheng & Yang, Shanshan & Wang, Yulong, 2023. "Public willingness to support the policy of banning gasoline vehicles sales and its internal mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    7. Yu, Bolin & Fang, Debin & Xiao, Kun & Pan, Yuling, 2023. "Drivers of renewable energy penetration and its role in power sector's deep decarbonization towards carbon peak," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    8. Yang Tang & Yifeng Liu & Weiqiang Huo & Meng Chen & Shilong Ye & Lei Cheng, 2023. "Optimal Allocation Scheme of Renewable Energy Consumption Responsibility Weight under Renewable Portfolio Standards: An Integrated Evolutionary Game and Stochastic Optimization Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-22, March.
    9. Pan, Yuling & Dong, Feng, 2023. "The impacts of energy finance policies and renewable energy subsidy on energy vulnerability under carbon peaking scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    10. Han, Zhixin & Fang, Debin & Yang, Peiwen & Lei, Leyao, 2023. "Cooperative mechanisms for multi-energy complementarity in the electricity spot market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
    11. Ha Junsheng & Yuning Mu & Muhammad Mehedi Masud & Rulia Akhtar & Abu Naser Mohammad Saif & K. M. Anwarul Islam & Nusrat Hafiz, 2024. "Navigating the nexus: unraveling technological innovation, economic growth, trade openness, ICT, and CO2 emissions through symmetric and asymmetric analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.

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