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Experimental demonstration of an air-source heat pump application using an integrated phase change material storage as a desuperheater for domestic hot water generation

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Listed:
  • Emhofer, Johann
  • Marx, Klemens
  • Sporr, Andreas
  • Barz, Tilman
  • Nitsch, Birgo
  • Wiesflecker, Michael
  • Pink, Werner

Abstract

Heat pumps with a three-media refrigerant/phase change material (PCM) water heat exchanger (RPW-HEX), integrated in the hot superheated section after the compressor, have a promising potential for electric energy savings. The RPW-HEX operates as a desuperheater that stores the sensible energy provided by the hot gas during heating and cooling operation for later heat transfer to domestic hot water (DHW) storage devices. So far, such a system has not yet been implemented and analysed in an overall system suitable for heating, cooling and DHW generation. In the present work, the operation of a prototypical heat pump with integrated RPW-HEX connected to three artificial apartments, was demonstrated in the laboratory under controlled ambient conditions. For this purpose, two RPW-HEX modules with a total storage capacity of about 5kWh were integrated into an R32 air-source heat pump with a heating power of about 7.7kW at −10∘C ambient temperature and a feed water temperature of 45∘C. Technical feasibility and operation with rule-based control strategies have been successfully demonstrated for realistic use cases. Besides individual tests, the heat pump was operated over 48hours with and without RPW-HEX at an ambient temperature of −2∘C, a feed water temperature for the heating system of 40∘C. Both systems, achieved the same average COP, but the system with RPW-HEX was able to provide a 10K higher average feed water temperature for DHW generation compared to the system without RPW-HEX. For the same feed water temperatures for DHW generation, an enhancement of about 3.1% of the average COP can be expected with the current system. This is about 60% of the theoretically possible value. Furthermore, for a low feed water temperature for heating of about 32∘C at −2∘C, an enhancement of the average COP up to 9.4% can be expected for the analysed heating and DHW scenario with an improved design.

Suggested Citation

  • Emhofer, Johann & Marx, Klemens & Sporr, Andreas & Barz, Tilman & Nitsch, Birgo & Wiesflecker, Michael & Pink, Werner, 2022. "Experimental demonstration of an air-source heat pump application using an integrated phase change material storage as a desuperheater for domestic hot water generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:305:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921012034
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117890
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    Cited by:

    1. Rong, Xiangyang & Long, Weiguo & Jia, Jikang & Liu, Lianhua & Si, Pengfei & Shi, Lijun & Yan, Jinyue & Liu, Boran & Zhao, Mishen, 2023. "Experimental study on a multi-evaporator mutual defrosting system for air source heat pumps," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    2. Rendall, Joseph & Elatar, Ahmed & Nawaz, Kashif & Sun, Jian, 2023. "Medium-temperature phase change material integration in domestic heat pump water heaters for improved thermal energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    3. Hessam Golmohamadi, 2022. "Demand-Side Flexibility in Power Systems: A Survey of Residential, Industrial, Commercial, and Agricultural Sectors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Huang, Ransisi & Mahvi, Allison & James, Nelson & Kozubal, Eric & Woods, Jason, 2024. "Evaluation of phase change thermal storage in a cascade heat pump," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    5. Daniela Dzhonova-Atanasova & Aleksandar Georgiev & Svetoslav Nakov & Stela Panyovska & Tatyana Petrova & Subarna Maiti, 2022. "Compact Thermal Storage with Phase Change Material for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Recovery—Advances and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-21, November.
    6. Du, Ruxue & Wu, Minqiang & Wang, Siqi & Wu, Si & Wang, Ruzhu & Li, Tingxian, 2022. "Experimental investigation on high energy-density and power-density hydrated salt-based thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    7. Charalambous, Chrysanthos & Heracleous, Chryso & Michael, Aimilios & Efthymiou, Venizelos, 2023. "Hybrid AC-DC distribution system for building integrated photovoltaics and energy storage solutions for heating-cooling purposes. A case study of a historic building in Cyprus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy efficient DHW generation; Desuperheater; PCM; Air-source heat pump; R32; Storage;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R32 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis

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