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Ancillary services in Great Britain during the COVID-19 lockdown: A glimpse of the carbon-free future

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  • Badesa, Luis
  • Strbac, Goran
  • Magill, Matt
  • Stojkovska, Biljana

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic led to partial or total lockdowns in several countries during the first half of 2020, which in turn caused a depressed electricity demand. In Great Britain (GB), this low demand combined with large renewable output at times, created conditions that were not expected until renewable capacity increases to meet emissions targets in coming years. The GB system experienced periods of very high instantaneous penetration of non-synchronous renewables, compromising system stability due to the lack of inertia in the grid. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the consequences of the lockdown on the GB electricity system is provided, focusing on the ancillary services procured to guarantee stability. Ancillary-services costs increased by £200m in the months of May to July 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 (a threefold increase), highlighting the importance of ancillary services in low-carbon systems. Furthermore, a frequency-secured scheduling model is used in the present paper to showcase the future trends that GB is expected to experience, as penetration of renewables increases on the road to net-zero emissions by 2050. Several sensitivities are considered, demonstrating that the share of total operating costs represented by ancillary services could reach 35%.

Suggested Citation

  • Badesa, Luis & Strbac, Goran & Magill, Matt & Stojkovska, Biljana, 2021. "Ancillary services in Great Britain during the COVID-19 lockdown: A glimpse of the carbon-free future," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:285:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921000593
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116500
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Qiu, Dawei & Baig, Aimon Mirza & Wang, Yi & Wang, Lingling & Jiang, Chuanwen & Strbac, Goran, 2024. "Market design for ancillary service provisions of inertia and frequency response via virtual power plants: A non-convex bi-level optimisation approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    2. S. M. Mahfuz Alam & Ahmed Abuhussein & Mohammad Ashraf Hossain Sadi, 2023. "Month-Wise Investigation on Residential Load Consumption Impact during COVID-19 Period on Distribution Transformer and Practical Mitigation Solution," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Hamid Soleimani & Daryoush Habibi & Mehrdad Ghahramani & Asma Aziz, 2024. "Strengthening Power Systems for Net Zero: A Review of the Role of Synchronous Condensers and Emerging Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-23, July.
    4. Gergo Varhegyi & Mutasim Nour, 2024. "Advancing Fast Frequency Response Ancillary Services in Renewable-Heavy Grids: A Global Review of Energy Storage-Based Solutions and Market Dynamics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-29, July.
    5. Costa, Vinicius B.F. & Pereira, Lígia C. & Andrade, Jorge V.B. & Bonatto, Benedito D., 2022. "Future assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the electricity market based on a stochastic socioeconomic model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    6. Wang, Xiaobo & Huang, Wentao & Li, Ran & Tai, Nengling & Zong, Ming, 2023. "Frequency-based demand side response considering the discontinuity of the ToU tariff," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    7. Cramer, Eike & Witthaut, Dirk & Mitsos, Alexander & Dahmen, Manuel, 2023. "Multivariate probabilistic forecasting of intraday electricity prices using normalizing flows," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).

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