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Fuel property effects on knock propensity and thermal efficiency in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

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  • Yue, Zongyu
  • Som, Sibendu

Abstract

Engine knock remains one of the major barriers to further improvement in thermal efficiency of Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) engines. While Research Octane Number and Motor Octane Number are often used as standard rating methods for knock resistance of fuels, the impacts of other fuel properties on knock propensity in modern engines such as heat of vaporization (HoV) and laminar flame speed (LFS) require better understanding in order to co-optimize fuels and engine designs to achieve higher thermal efficiency and lower CO2 emission. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to model a boosted DISI engine with a focus on knock prediction and fuel property effects. A level-set G-equation model is employed to capture turbulent premixed combustion, and is coupled with a transported Livengood-Wu (L-W) integral approach to predict auto-ignition in the unburnt region. A criterion associated with the L-W integral is developed to accurately predict knock onset and knock-limited spark-advance. This model is then applied to a sensitivity analysis of HoV and LFS on knock tendency and thermal efficiency. The pressure-temperature trajectory framework is applied and extended to study the fuel effects on auto-ignition process in the engine. An existing efficiency-based merit function, which is derived from experiments for boosted SI engines, is evaluated and improved based on the current CFD results.

Suggested Citation

  • Yue, Zongyu & Som, Sibendu, 2021. "Fuel property effects on knock propensity and thermal efficiency in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:281:y:2021:i:c:s0306261919319087
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114221
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. d'Adamo, Alessandro & Breda, Sebastiano & Fontanesi, Stefano & Irimescu, Adrian & Merola, Simona Silvia & Tornatore, Cinzia, 2017. "A RANS knock model to predict the statistical occurrence of engine knock," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 251-263.
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    1. Eckert, Jony Javorski & Silva, Fabrício L. & da Silva, Samuel Filgueira & Bueno, André Valente & de Oliveira, Mona Lisa Moura & Silva, Ludmila C.A., 2022. "Optimal design and power management control of hybrid biofuel–electric powertrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    2. Zhu, Zengqiang & Mu, Zhiqiang & Wei, Yanju & Du, Ruiheng & Guan, Wei & Liu, Shenghua, 2022. "Cylinder-to-cylinder variation of knock and effects of mixture formation on knock tendency for a heavy-duty spark ignition methanol engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    3. Jian Liu & Dingrui Zhang & Lingyun Hou & Jinhu Yang & Gang Xu, 2022. "Laminar Burning Speed of Aviation Kerosene at Low Pressures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-11, March.
    4. Liu, Junheng & Ma, Haoran & Liang, Wenwen & Yang, Jun & Sun, Ping & Wang, Xidong & Wang, Yongxu & Wang, Pan, 2022. "Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics and influencing factors of PODE/methanol dual-fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    5. Zongyu Yue & Haifeng Liu, 2023. "Advanced Research on Internal Combustion Engines and Engine Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-8, August.

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