IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v165y2016icp930-942.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy savings from temperature setpoints and deadband: Quantifying the influence of building and system properties on savings

Author

Listed:
  • Ghahramani, Ali
  • Zhang, Kenan
  • Dutta, Kanu
  • Yang, Zheng
  • Becerik-Gerber, Burcin

Abstract

This paper provides a systematic approach for quantifying the influence of building size, construction category, climate, occupancy schedule, setpoint, and deadband on HVAC energy consumption in office buildings. Simulating the DOE reference office buildings of three sizes and three construction categories in all United States climate zones, using the EnergyPlus, we conducted several N-way ANOVA analyses to study the interrelationships between setpoints, deadbands and several building related and environment related factors. In summary, daily optimal deadband selection of 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6K would result in an average energy savings of −70.0%, −34.9%, −13.7%, 9.6%, 16.4%, and 21.2%, respectively, compared to baseline deadline of 3K. Selecting the daily optimal setpoint in the range of 22.5±1°C, 22.5±2°C, and 22.5±3°C would result in an average savings of 7.5%, 12.7%, and 16.4%, respectively, compared to the baseline setpoint of 22.5°C. Additionally, we found that when the outdoor temperature is within −20 to 30°C, the optimal setpoint depends on the building size. We also observed a range of outdoor temperatures (e.g., 9–14°C for small buildings and 8–11°C for medium buildings) where the setpoint selection would only slightly influence the energy consumption. However, the choice of setpoints becomes very influential (up to 30% of energy savings) where the outdoor temperatures are slightly outside the mentioned ranges on either direction. The potential savings from selecting daily optimal setpoints in the range of 22.5±3°C in different climates and for small, medium and large office buildings, would lead to 10.09–37.03%, 11.43–21.01%, and 6.78–11.34% savings, respectively, depending on the climate.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghahramani, Ali & Zhang, Kenan & Dutta, Kanu & Yang, Zheng & Becerik-Gerber, Burcin, 2016. "Energy savings from temperature setpoints and deadband: Quantifying the influence of building and system properties on savings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 930-942.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:165:y:2016:i:c:p:930-942
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.115
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261915016888
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.115?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Menezes, Anna Carolina & Cripps, Andrew & Bouchlaghem, Dino & Buswell, Richard, 2012. "Predicted vs. actual energy performance of non-domestic buildings: Using post-occupancy evaluation data to reduce the performance gap," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 355-364.
    2. Lakeridou, Michelle & Ucci, Marcella & Marmot, Alexi & Ridley, Ian, 2012. "The potential of increasing cooling set-points in air-conditioned offices in the UK," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 338-348.
    3. Mechri, Houcem Eddine & Capozzoli, Alfonso & Corrado, Vincenzo, 2010. "USE of the ANOVA approach for sensitive building energy design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(10), pages 3073-3083, October.
    4. Siano, Pierluigi, 2014. "Demand response and smart grids—A survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 461-478.
    5. Xu, Xiaoqi & Culligan, Patricia J. & Taylor, John E., 2014. "Energy Saving Alignment Strategy: Achieving energy efficiency in urban buildings by matching occupant temperature preferences with a building’s indoor thermal environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 209-219.
    6. Huang, Yu & Niu, Jian-lei & Chung, Tse-ming, 2013. "Study on performance of energy-efficient retrofitting measures on commercial building external walls in cooling-dominant cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 97-108.
    7. Yang, Zheng & Becerik-Gerber, Burcin, 2015. "A model calibration framework for simultaneous multi-level building energy simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 415-431.
    8. Gruber, Mattias & Trüschel, Anders & Dalenbäck, Jan-Olof, 2015. "Energy efficient climate control in office buildings without giving up implementability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 934-943.
    9. Olofsson, Thomas & Mahlia, T.M.I., 2012. "Modeling and simulation of the energy use in an occupied residential building in cold climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 432-438.
    10. Lin, Hung-Wen & Hong, Tianzhen, 2013. "On variations of space-heating energy use in office buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 515-528.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Wei & Chen, Jiayu & Huang, Gongsheng & Lu, Yujie, 2017. "Energy efficient HVAC control for an IPS-enabled large space in commercial buildings through dynamic spatial occupancy distribution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 305-323.
    2. Chaudhary, Gaurav & New, Joshua & Sanyal, Jibonananda & Im, Piljae & O’Neill, Zheng & Garg, Vishal, 2016. "Evaluation of “Autotune” calibration against manual calibration of building energy models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 115-134.
    3. Tian, Wei & Song, Jitian & Li, Zhanyong & de Wilde, Pieter, 2014. "Bootstrap techniques for sensitivity analysis and model selection in building thermal performance analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 320-328.
    4. Glasgo, Brock & Hendrickson, Chris & Azevedo, Inês Lima, 2017. "Assessing the value of information in residential building simulation: Comparing simulated and actual building loads at the circuit level," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 348-363.
    5. Ruparathna, Rajeev & Hewage, Kasun & Sadiq, Rehan, 2016. "Improving the energy efficiency of the existing building stock: A critical review of commercial and institutional buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1032-1045.
    6. Azar, Elie & Nikolopoulou, Christina & Papadopoulos, Sokratis, 2016. "Integrating and optimizing metrics of sustainable building performance using human-focused agent-based modeling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 926-937.
    7. Pisello, Anna Laura & Asdrubali, Francesco, 2014. "Human-based energy retrofits in residential buildings: A cost-effective alternative to traditional physical strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 224-235.
    8. Marinakis, Vangelis & Doukas, Haris & Karakosta, Charikleia & Psarras, John, 2013. "An integrated system for buildings’ energy-efficient automation: Application in the tertiary sector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 6-14.
    9. Ramos Ruiz, Germán & Fernández Bandera, Carlos & Gómez-Acebo Temes, Tomás & Sánchez-Ostiz Gutierrez, Ana, 2016. "Genetic algorithm for building envelope calibration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 691-705.
    10. Tronchin, Lamberto & Manfren, Massimiliano & James, Patrick AB., 2018. "Linking design and operation performance analysis through model calibration: Parametric assessment on a Passive House building," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 26-40.
    11. Wate, P. & Iglesias, M. & Coors, V. & Robinson, D., 2020. "Framework for emulation and uncertainty quantification of a stochastic building performance simulator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    12. Azar, Elie & Al Ansari, Hamad, 2017. "Framework to investigate energy conservation motivation and actions of building occupants: The case of a green campus in Abu Dhabi, UAE," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 563-573.
    13. Yang, Zheng & Becerik-Gerber, Burcin, 2015. "A model calibration framework for simultaneous multi-level building energy simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 415-431.
    14. Wang, Wei & Hong, Tianzhen & Li, Nan & Wang, Ryan Qi & Chen, Jiayu, 2019. "Linking energy-cyber-physical systems with occupancy prediction and interpretation through WiFi probe-based ensemble classification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 55-69.
    15. Massimiliano Manfren & Maurizio Sibilla & Lamberto Tronchin, 2021. "Energy Modelling and Analytics in the Built Environment—A Review of Their Role for Energy Transitions in the Construction Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-29, January.
    16. Yang, Tao & Pan, Yiqun & Mao, Jiachen & Wang, Yonglong & Huang, Zhizhong, 2016. "An automated optimization method for calibrating building energy simulation models with measured data: Orientation and a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1220-1231.
    17. Sun, Kaiyu & Hong, Tianzhen & Taylor-Lange, Sarah C. & Piette, Mary Ann, 2016. "A pattern-based automated approach to building energy model calibration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 214-224.
    18. Lü, Xiaoshu & Lu, Tao & Kibert, Charles J. & Viljanen, Martti, 2014. "A novel dynamic modeling approach for predicting building energy performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 91-103.
    19. Shoaib Azizi & Ramtin Rabiee & Gireesh Nair & Thomas Olofsson, 2021. "Effects of Positioning of Multi-Sensor Devices on Occupancy and Indoor Environmental Monitoring in Single-Occupant Offices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, October.
    20. Glasgo, Brock & Khan, Nyla & Azevedo, Inês Lima, 2020. "Simulating a residential building stock to support regional efficiency policy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:165:y:2016:i:c:p:930-942. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.