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Review of energy balance in raceway ponds for microalgae cultivation: Re-thinking a traditional system is possible

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  • Chiaramonti, David
  • Prussi, Matteo
  • Casini, David
  • Tredici, Mario R.
  • Rodolfi, Liliana
  • Bassi, Niccolò
  • Zittelli, Graziella Chini
  • Bondioli, Paolo

Abstract

The present work addresses energy consumption in raceway ponds (RWPs). This kind of systems are today the most utilized industrial plant for outdoor algae cultivation. The problem has been addressed combining theoretical correlations and experimental data. Head losses for conventional raceway ponds were evaluated, and the results were compared with data available in literature. Computational fluid dynamics was used to support the theoretical analysis. This study suggested possible improvements to the traditional RWP design: an Innovative Raceway Pond (IRP II) was therefore designed, built and operated in parallel with a reference pilot RWP in a test site. Several modifications to traditional RWP design were implemented in the IRP II: the paddle wheel was substituted by a propeller, the water head was reduced and baffle boards were installed in the curves. To validate the new design, head losses and therefore energy consumption in the different systems were evaluated, during cultivation experiments, with two microalgae strains. The theoretical and experimental study allowed a validated calculation, which showed the importance of concentrated head losses towards distributed ones. The analysis highlighted how these losses weight at different pond scales, suggesting possible improvements of the RWP energy performance – as achieved in the IRP II – through revised design for optimized mixing.

Suggested Citation

  • Chiaramonti, David & Prussi, Matteo & Casini, David & Tredici, Mario R. & Rodolfi, Liliana & Bassi, Niccolò & Zittelli, Graziella Chini & Bondioli, Paolo, 2013. "Review of energy balance in raceway ponds for microalgae cultivation: Re-thinking a traditional system is possible," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 101-111.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:102:y:2013:i:c:p:101-111
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.040
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ketheesan, B. & Nirmalakhandan, N., 2011. "Development of a new airlift-driven raceway reactor for algal cultivation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3370-3376.
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    2. Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira & Freitas, Bárbara Catarina Bastos de & Lisboa, Cristiane Reinaldo & Santos, Thaisa Duarte & Brusch, Lucio Renato de Fraga & de Morais, Michele Greque, 2019. "Microalgal biorefinery from CO2 and the effects under the Blue Economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 58-65.
    3. Minghao Chen & Yixuan Chen & Qingtao Zhang, 2021. "A Review of Energy Consumption in the Acquisition of Bio-Feedstock for Microalgae Biofuel Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-22, August.
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    8. Rastogi, Rajesh P. & Pandey, Ashok & Larroche, Christian & Madamwar, Datta, 2018. "Algal Green Energy – R&D and technological perspectives for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2946-2969.
    9. Kumar, Kanhaiya & Mishra, Sanjiv K. & Shrivastav, Anupama & Park, Min S. & Yang, Ji-Won, 2015. "Recent trends in the mass cultivation of algae in raceway ponds," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 875-885.
    10. Salama, El-Sayed & Kurade, Mayur B. & Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I. & El-Dalatony, Marwa M. & Yang, Il-Seung & Min, Booki & Jeon, Byong-Hun, 2017. "Recent progress in microalgal biomass production coupled with wastewater treatment for biofuel generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1189-1211.
    11. Giostri, A. & Binotti, M. & Macchi, E., 2016. "Microalgae cofiring in coal power plants: Innovative system layout and energy analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 449-464.
    12. Abu-Ghosh, Said & Fixler, Dror & Dubinsky, Zvy & Iluz, David, 2015. "Energy-input analysis of the life-cycle of microalgal cultivation systems and best scenario for oil-rich biomass production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1082-1088.
    13. Singh, Bhaskar & Guldhe, Abhishek & Rawat, Ismail & Bux, Faizal, 2014. "Towards a sustainable approach for development of biodiesel from plant and microalgae," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 216-245.
    14. Sawant, S.S. & Gosavi, S.N. & Khadamkar, H.P. & Mathpati, C.S. & Pandit, Reena & Lali, A.M., 2019. "Energy efficient design of high depth raceway pond using computational fluid dynamics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 528-537.
    15. Pawar, Sanjay, 2016. "Effectiveness mapping of open raceway pond and tubular photobioreactors for sustainable production of microalgae biofuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 640-653.
    16. El Shenawy, E.A. & Elkelawy, Medhat & Bastawissi, Hagar Alm-Eldin & Taha, Mohammed & Panchal, Hitesh & Sadasivuni, Kishor kumar & Thakar, Nishant, 2020. "Effect of cultivation parameters and heat management on the algae species growth conditions and biomass production in a continuous feedstock photobioreactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 807-815.
    17. Raeisossadati, Mohammadjavad & Moheimani, Navid Reza & Parlevliet, David, 2019. "Luminescent solar concentrator panels for increasing the efficiency of mass microalgal production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 47-59.
    18. Chowdhury, Raja & Freire, Fausto, 2015. "Bioenergy production from algae using dairy manure as a nutrient source: Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1112-1121.
    19. Xu, Ben & Li, Peiwen & Waller, Peter, 2014. "Study of the flow mixing in a novel ARID raceway for algae production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 249-257.
    20. Zhu, Liandong & Hiltunen, Erkki & Shu, Qing & Zhou, Weizheng & Li, Zhaohua & Wang, Zhongming, 2014. "Biodiesel production from algae cultivated in winter with artificial wastewater through pH regulation by acetic acid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 103-110.
    21. John J. Milledge & Birthe V. Nielsen & Supattra Maneein & Patricia J. Harvey, 2019. "A Brief Review of Anaerobic Digestion of Algae for Bioenergy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-22, March.

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