IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/apmaco/v256y2015icp913-929.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pricing and replenishment policies in dual-channel supply chain under continuous unit cost decrease

Author

Listed:
  • Panda, S.
  • Modak, N.M.
  • Sana, S.S.
  • Basu, M.

Abstract

This paper explores pricing and replenishment policies for a high-tech product in a dual-channel supply chain that consists of a brick-and-mortar channel and an internet channel. The unit cost of the product decreases over its short life cycle. Assuming the manufacturer as the Stackelberg leader, the optimal pricing and replenishment policy is analysed mathematically. It is found that there is a severe price competition between the retail and online channel, and product compatibility has a significant impact on the pricing policy. In particular (i) customers’ higher retail channel preference above a threshold leads to non-coexistence of dual-channel, (ii) the dual-channel is non-profitable for product compatibility outside an interval and (iii) higher or lower retail price in comparison to online price is dependent on product compatibility. Also, the retailer’s higher setup cost may lead to non-existence of online channel. Finally, a profit sharing mechanism through wholesale price adjustment resolves channel conflict. A numerical example is illustrated to justify our proposed model.

Suggested Citation

  • Panda, S. & Modak, N.M. & Sana, S.S. & Basu, M., 2015. "Pricing and replenishment policies in dual-channel supply chain under continuous unit cost decrease," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 256(C), pages 913-929.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:apmaco:v:256:y:2015:i:c:p:913-929
    DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2015.01.081
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0096300315001137
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.amc.2015.01.081?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ma, Wei-min & Zhao, Zhang & Ke, Hua, 2013. "Dual-channel closed-loop supply chain with government consumption-subsidy," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 226(2), pages 221-227.
    2. Shibaji Panda, 2011. "Optimal pricing and replenishment policy in a declining price sensitive environment under continuous unit cost decrease," International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 3(4), pages 431-450.
    3. Yue, Xiaohang & Liu, John, 2006. "Demand forecast sharing in a dual-channel supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 174(1), pages 646-667, October.
    4. Cai, Gangshu (George), 2010. "Channel Selection and Coordination in Dual-Channel Supply Chains," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 86(1), pages 22-36.
    5. Wei-yu Kevin Chiang & Dilip Chhajed & James D. Hess, 2003. "Direct Marketing, Indirect Profits: A Strategic Analysis of Dual-Channel Supply-Chain Design," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 49(1), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Panda, Shibaji, 2014. "Coordination of a socially responsible supply chain using revenue sharing contract," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 92-104.
    7. Hua, Zhongsheng & Zhang, Xuemei & Xu, Xiaoyan, 2011. "Product design strategies in a manufacturer-retailer distribution channel," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 23-32, January.
    8. Qi, Xiangtong & Bard, Jonathan F. & Yu, Gang, 2004. "Supply chain coordination with demand disruptions," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 301-312, August.
    9. Goyal, S. K. & Srinivasan, G. & Arcelus, F. J., 1991. "One time only incentives and inventory policies," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 1-6, September.
    10. Cardenas-Barron, Leopoldo Eduardo, 2006. "Note on: Concurrent pricing and lot sizing for make-to-order contract production," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(1), pages 449-450, September.
    11. Ding, Ding & Chen, Jian, 2008. "Coordinating a three level supply chain with flexible return policies," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 865-876, October.
    12. Li, Jianli & Liu, Liwen, 2006. "Supply chain coordination with quantity discount policy," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(1), pages 89-98, May.
    13. Chen, Jing & Zhang, Hui & Sun, Ying, 2012. "Implementing coordination contracts in a manufacturer Stackelberg dual-channel supply chain," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 40(5), pages 571-583.
    14. Erel, E, 1992. "The effect of continuous price change in the EOQ," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 523-527, July.
    15. J-T Teng & H-L Yang, 2004. "Deterministic economic order quantity models with partial backlogging when demand and cost are fluctuating with time," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 55(5), pages 495-503, May.
    16. Wong, W.K. & Qi, J. & Leung, S.Y.S., 2009. "Coordinating supply chains with sales rebate contracts and vendor-managed inventory," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(1), pages 151-161, July.
    17. Takahashi, Katsuhiko & Aoi, Takahiko & Hirotani, Daisuke & Morikawa, Katsumi, 2011. "Inventory control in a two-echelon dual-channel supply chain with setup of production and delivery," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(1), pages 403-415, September.
    18. Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo, 2009. "Optimal ordering policies in response to a discount offer: Extensions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(2), pages 774-782, December.
    19. Yao, Dong-Qing & Liu, John J., 2005. "Competitive pricing of mixed retail and e-tail distribution channels," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 235-247, June.
    20. Goering, Gregory E., 2012. "Corporate social responsibility and marketing channel coordination," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(2), pages 142-148.
    21. Sarmah, S.P. & Acharya, D. & Goyal, S.K., 2007. "Coordination and profit sharing between a manufacturer and a buyer with target profit under credit option," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 182(3), pages 1469-1478, November.
    22. Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo, 2009. "Optimal ordering policies in response to a discount offer: Corrections," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(2), pages 783-789, December.
    23. Lian, Zhaotong & Deshmukh, Abhijit, 2009. "Analysis of supply contracts with quantity flexibility," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 196(2), pages 526-533, July.
    24. Luciano Salvietti & Neale R. Smith & Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón, 2014. "A stochastic profit-maximising economic lot scheduling problem with price optimisation," European Journal of Industrial Engineering, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 8(2), pages 193-221.
    25. Sarkar, Biswajit & Saren, Sharmila & Wee, Hui-Ming, 2013. "An inventory model with variable demand, component cost and selling price for deteriorating items," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 306-310.
    26. Khouja, Moutaz & Goyal, Suresh, 2006. "Single item optimal lot sizing under continuous unit cost decrease," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(1), pages 87-94, July.
    27. Khouja, Moutaz & Park, Sungjune, 2003. "Optimal lot sizing under continuous price decrease," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 539-545, December.
    28. Du, Ruo & Banerjee, Avijit & Kim, Seung-Lae, 2013. "Coordination of two-echelon supply chains using wholesale price discount and credit option," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(2), pages 327-334.
    29. Huang, Wei & Swaminathan, Jayashankar M., 2009. "Introduction of a second channel: Implications for pricing and profits," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 194(1), pages 258-279, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Modak, Nikunja Mohan & Panda, Shibaji & Sana, Shib Sankar, 2016. "Three-echelon supply chain coordination considering duopolistic retailers with perfect quality products," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 564-578.
    2. Sher, Mikhail M. & Kim, Seung-Lae & Banerjee, Avijit & Paz, Michael T., 2018. "A supply chain coordination mechanism for common items subject to failure in the electronics, defense, and medical industries," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 164-173.
    3. Qi Qi & Jing Wang & Jianteng Xu, 2018. "A Dual-Channel Supply Chain Coordination under Carbon Cap-and-Trade Regulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, June.
    4. Modak, Nikunja Mohan & Kelle, Peter, 2019. "Managing a dual-channel supply chain under price and delivery-time dependent stochastic demand," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 272(1), pages 147-161.
    5. Jiali Wang & Yujia Huo & Xiangyu Guo & Yang Xu, 2022. "The Pricing Strategy of the Agricultural Product Supply Chain with Farmer Cooperatives as the Core Enterprise," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, May.
    6. Wei Yan & Youwei Li & Ying Wu & Mark Palmer, 2016. "A Rising E-Channel Tide Lifts All Boats? The Impact of Manufacturer Multichannel Encroachment on Traditional Selling and Leasing," Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Hindawi, vol. 2016, pages 1-18, June.
    7. Johari, Maryam & Hosseini-Motlagh, Seyyed-Mahdi & Rasti-Barzoki, Morteza, 2019. "An evolutionary game theoretic model for analyzing pricing strategy and socially concerned behavior of manufacturers," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 506-525.
    8. Rui Song & Zhongming Wu, 2023. "Centralized Decision Making in an Omnichannel Supply Chain with Stochastic Demand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, August.
    9. Guo Li & Hong Zheng & Mengqi Liu, 2020. "Reselling or drop shipping: Strategic analysis of E-commerce dual-channel structures," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 475-508, September.
    10. Alawneh, Fawzat & Zhang, Guoqing, 2018. "Dual-channel warehouse and inventory management with stochastic demand," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 84-106.
    11. Li, Mengmeng & Mizuno, Shinji, 2022. "Dynamic pricing and inventory management of a dual-channel supply chain under different power structures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 303(1), pages 273-285.
    12. Nematollahi, Mohammadreza & Hosseini-Motlagh, Seyyed-Mahdi & Pazari, Parvin, 2024. "Analytical insights into coordination and competition in dual-channel supply chains: A multi-factor dependent demand perspective," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    13. Li, Mengmeng & Mizuno, Shinji, 2022. "Comparison of dynamic and static pricing strategies in a dual-channel supply chain with inventory control," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    14. Yuyan Wang & Zhaoqing Yu & Liang Shen & Wenquan Dong, 2021. "E-Commerce Supply Chain Models under Altruistic Preference," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-19, March.
    15. Johari, Maryam & Hosseini-Motlagh, Seyyed-Mahdi & Nematollahi, Mohammadreza & Goh, Mark & Ignatius, Joshua, 2018. "Bi-level credit period coordination for periodic review inventory system with price-credit dependent demand under time value of money," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 270-291.
    16. Sudipta Sinha & Nikunja Mohan Modak & Shib Sankar Sana, 2020. "An entropic order quantity inventory model for quality assessment considering price sensitive demand," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 57(1), pages 88-103, March.
    17. Syed Asif Raza, 2020. "Price Differentiation and Inventory Decisions in a Socially Responsible Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Partial Information Stochastic Demand and Cannibalization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-42, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yong He & Hongfu Huang & Dong Li, 2020. "Inventory and pricing decisions for a dual-channel supply chain with deteriorating products," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 1461-1503, September.
    2. Chen, Jing & Zhang, Hui & Sun, Ying, 2012. "Implementing coordination contracts in a manufacturer Stackelberg dual-channel supply chain," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 40(5), pages 571-583.
    3. Panda, S. & Modak, N.M. & Basu, M. & Goyal, S.K., 2015. "Channel coordination and profit distribution in a social responsible three-layer supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 224-233.
    4. Modak, Nikunja Mohan & Panda, Shibaji & Sana, Shib Sankar, 2016. "Three-echelon supply chain coordination considering duopolistic retailers with perfect quality products," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 564-578.
    5. Ding, Qing & Dong, Ciwei & Pan, Zhicong, 2016. "A hierarchical pricing decision process on a dual-channel problem with one manufacturer and one retailer," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 197-212.
    6. Huang, Song & Yang, Chao & Liu, Hui, 2013. "Pricing and production decisions in a dual-channel supply chain when production costs are disrupted," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 521-538.
    7. Matsui, Kenji, 2020. "Optimal bargaining timing of a wholesale price for a manufacturer with a retailer in a dual-channel supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 287(1), pages 225-236.
    8. Ciwei Dong & Liu Yang & Chi To Ng, 2020. "Quantity Leadership for a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Retail Service," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 37(02), pages 1-32, March.
    9. Matsui, Kenji, 2024. "Should competing suppliers with dual-channel supply chains adopt agency selling in an e-commerce platform?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 312(2), pages 587-604.
    10. Ping Shi & Bo Yan & Jun Zhao, 2020. "Appropriate timing for SMEs to introduce an Internet-based online channel under uncertain operating costs: a real options analysis," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 969-999, December.
    11. Subrata Saha, 2016. "Channel characteristics and coordination in three-echelon dual-channel supply chain," International Journal of Systems Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(3), pages 740-754, February.
    12. Chen, Jingxian & Liang, Liang & Yao, Dong-qing, 2019. "Factory encroachment and channel selection in an outsourced supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 73-83.
    13. Matsui, Kenji, 2022. "Should a retailer bargain over a wholesale price with a manufacturer using a dual-channel supply chain?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(3), pages 1050-1066.
    14. Guoxuan Huang & Qing Ding & Ciwei Dong & Zhicong Pan, 2021. "Joint optimization of pricing and inventory control for dual-channel problem under stochastic demand," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 298(1), pages 307-337, March.
    15. Xu, Guangye & Dan, Bin & Zhang, Xumei & Liu, Can, 2014. "Coordinating a dual-channel supply chain with risk-averse under a two-way revenue sharing contract," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(PA), pages 171-179.
    16. Tahirov, Nail & Glock, Christoph H., 2022. "Manufacturer encroachment and channel conflicts: A systematic review of the literature," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 302(2), pages 403-426.
    17. Fariba Soleimani & Alireza Arshadi Khamseh & Bahman Naderi, 2016. "Optimal decisions in a dual-channel supply chain under simultaneous demand and production cost disruptions," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 243(1), pages 301-321, August.
    18. Zhou, Rui & Liao, Yi & Shen, Wenjing & Yang, Shilei, 2020. "Channel selection and fulfillment service contracts in the presence of asymmetric service information," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    19. Shi, Siyu & Sun, Jingchun & Cheng, T.C.E., 2020. "Wholesale or drop-shipping: Contract choices of the online retailer and the manufacturer in a dual-channel supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    20. Haitao Chen & Zhaohui Dong & Gendao Li, 2020. "Government Reward-Penalty Mechanism in Dual-Channel Closed-Loop Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-15, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:apmaco:v:256:y:2015:i:c:p:913-929. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/applied-mathematics-and-computation .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.